B3 Biology Top 40

Question 1

Name 4 types of pathogen

Answer 1

Fungus, bacteria, virus, protists

Question 2

How do bacteria make you ill?

Answer 2

Produce poisons

Question 3

How do viruses make you ill?

Answer 3

Infect your cells

Question 4

What is a parasite?

Answer 4

Organism that lives in a host organism to gets its food

Question 5

What is a pathogen?

Answer 5

A disease causing microbe

Question 6

Give three ways in which pathogens can be spread

Answer 6

Water, air, director contact

Question 7

give the symptoms and treatments of measles

Answer 7

Red rash, fever, treatment is vaccination

Question 8

Which cells does HIV attack

Answer 8

White blood cells

Question 9

Give the symptoms of TMV

Answer 9

Discolouration, stunted growth

Question 10

Give two ways in which the spread of malaria can be reduced

Answer 10

Mosquito nets, insect repellent

Question 11

Give the symptoms of gonorrhoea

Answer 11

Pain when urinating, unusual discharge from the genitals

Question 12

Give two ways in which rose black spot fungus can be treated

Answer 12

Fungicides, remove infected leaves

Question 13

Give the three ways in which white blood cells can attack pathogens

Answer 13

Engulf pathogens (phagocytosis), produce antibodies, produce antitoxins

Question 14

What is a vaccine

Answer 14

Sample of dead or inactive cells from the virus

Question 15

Explain how a vaccine would make you immune

Answer 15

Because the virus would’ve already been inside of you do to the vaccine, your cells can produce antibodies faster to fight the pathogen

Question 16

Give an advantage and disadvantage of vaccines

Answer 16

A - fight disease
D - side effects

Question 17

What is an epidemic

Answer 17

Large outbreak of a disease

Question 18

What does herd immunity mean

Answer 18

When the community get vaccinated so that those who can’t get vaccinated are protected as the virus will find it harder to spread

Question 19

What is the difference between a painkiller and an antibiotic

Answer 19

Painkillers only treat the symptoms

Question 20

Why will antibiotics not work against the cold

Answer 20

The cold is a virus

Question 21

What does antibiotic resistance mean

Answer 21

Virus’ become resistant to an antibiotic

Question 22

Which plant does aspirin come from

Answer 22

Willow

Question 23

Which plant does digitalis come from

Answer 23

Foxgloves

Question 24

Where does penicillin come from

Answer 24

Penicillium

Question 25

Give the four main stages of drug testing

Answer 25

Test on cell -> animal -> healthy volunteers -> patients with disease

Question 26

Give three reasons why a drug may be tested

Answer 26

To work out toxicity, efficacy, dosage

Question 27

Why is a drug tested on healthy volunteers before it is given to those suffering from the illness

Answer 27

Healthy peoples immune systems are stronger

Question 28

What is a placebo

Answer 28

A fake drug

Question 29

What is a double blind trial

Answer 29

When the patient and doctor both don’t know if the drug the patient has taken is the placebo or the real drug

Question 30

Why aren’t drug trials published before they have been through peer review

Answer 30

Prevent false claims

Question 31

What is a monoclonal antibody

Answer 31

Highly specific clone of cells

Question 32

Describe simply how a monoclonal antibody is produced

Answer 32

Stimulate mouse lymphocytes to make a particular antibody, combine with tumor cell (a quickly multiplying cell) to create a hybrioma, clone large amounts

Question 33

Give two uses of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 33

Pregnancy tests, lateral flow tests, locate blood clots

Question 34

Give an advantage and disadvantage of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 34

A - lowered side effects when used in cancer treatments D- still are side effects

Question 35

Why do plants need nitrates

Answer 35

To make proteins

Question 36

What are the deficiency symptoms if a plant is lacking nitrate

Answer 36

Stunted growth

Question 37

Why do plants need magnesium

Answer 37

Make chlorophyll

Question 38

What are the deficiency symptoms if a plant is lacking magnesium

Answer 38

Chlorosis

Question 39

Give two physical defence responses of plants

Answer 39

Cell wall, waxy cuticle

Question 40

Give two mechanical defence responses of plants

Answer 40

Thorns, mimicry