B1.2 Coordination And Control

Question 1

Name you sense organs

Answer 1

Eye
Ear
Nose
Tongue
Skin

Question 2

What is the brain process that happens if a soldier heard bullets and then ducks under fire?

Answer 2

Stimulus - bullet shot heard
Receptor - vibration receptors in ear stimulated. Electrical impulse sent along sensory neurone
Coordinators - brain or spinal cord. Electrical impulse along motor neurone
Effector - muscles in leg stimulated
Response - muscles in leg activated and he ducks

Question 3

What’s a synapse?

Answer 3

A junction between two neurons where the transmission of information is chemical rather than electrical.

Question 4

Define sensory neurone

Answer 4

Carries impulses from receptor to spinal cord

Question 5

Define spinal cord

Answer 5

A bunch of nerves that travels up to the brain

Question 6

Define stimulus

Answer 6

A change in the environment

Smell, temperature, sound…

Question 7

Define response

Answer 7

How your body reacts to the change in stimulus

Question 8

Define receptor

Answer 8

Sensor in the body that detects stimuli

Eg. Nerves, taste buds

Question 9

Define effector

Answer 9

This is where the effect is felt

Eg. A muscle that tightens

Question 10

Define motor neurone

Answer 10

Carries nervous impulses from the CNS to the effector

Question 11

Define CNS

Answer 11

Central nervous system

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 12

What’s your brain?

Answer 12

Centre of thought processes
Coordinates responses
Some responses are automatic

Question 13

What’s a reflex?

Answer 13

An automatic response. They help you avoid danger because they happen so fast.

Question 14

What three neurones do reflexes involve?

Answer 14

Sensory
Motor
Relay (connects sensory and motor neurones)

Question 15

What are the five basic steps on a reflex action?

Answer 15

Stimulus -> receptor -> coordinator -> effector -> response

Question 16

What are the steps in your brain when you touch a hot plate?

Answer 16

The stimulus is you touching the hot plate.
The sense it receptor in your skin of your finger is triggered. Sensory neurone crosses the relay neurone (synapse) and then the motor neurone goes to your bicep muscles to make you withdraw your hand.

Question 17

Name an example of a reflex action we do constantly.

Answer 17

Breathing or swallowing

The impulses bypass the conscious part of your brain so you do it subconsciously

Question 18

What’s oestrogen? Where’s it produced?

Answer 18

Ovaries
Stops FSH being produced so that only one egg matures in a cycle
Stimulates pituitary gland to release LH
Stimulates the womb lining to develop to receive the fertilised egg

Question 19

What’s FSH and where is it produced?

Answer 19

Made by pituitary gland

Causes egg to mature and oestrogen to be produced

Question 20

What’s LH and wheres it produced?

Answer 20

Made in pituitary gland

Stimulates the mature egg to be released from the ovary (ovulation)

Question 21

What are hormones?

Answer 21

Chemical substances that coordinate many processes within your body

Question 22

What’s a target organ?

Answer 22

They are where your hormones are carried to

Question 23

What are glands?

Answer 23

Make and release hormones

Question 24

When is the egg released in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 24

Day 12-16

Question 25

When does your old egg leave your body in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 25

Day 0-5

Question 26

When is the new egg in the womb in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 26

Day 20-28

Question 27

When is LH, oestrogen and FSH at its highest during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 27

Around day 12

Question 28

What's infertility?

Answer 28

When a couple are unable to conceive naturally.

Question 29

What are the pros of oral contraceptives?

Answer 29

Doesn't interrupt sex Lighter periods Reduces risk of cancer Reduces ache

Question 30

What are the cons of oral contraceptives?

Answer 30

``` Temporary side effects (mood swings, headaches) Increase blood pressure Doesn't stop STI's Breakthrough bleeding Risk of blood clots or breast cancer ```

Question 31

What is the oral contraceptive?

Answer 31

Contains artificial oestrogen and progesterone. Stops fertilisation or treats painful or heavy periods. 99% effective. Hormones trick body into thinking its pregnant which stops it releasing hormones (LH and FSH) which stimulate ovulation.

Question 32

What are pros of IVF?

Answer 32

Boosts odds of getting pregnant

Question 33

What are the disadvantages of IVF?

Answer 33

You could get an infection Expensive You could get more children than expected Could be seen as unethical

Question 34

What is IVF?

Answer 34

Stimulates the development of eggs in the ovaries. The eggs are collected and fertilised in a test tube. They are then returned to the uterus

Question 35

What is homeostasis?

Answer 35

``` Keeping a constant internal environment so that our enzymes work properly to carry out chemical reactions. Things that need to be controlled are: Temperature Glucose Water Ions (salt) Carbon dioxide ```

Question 36

What's our body temperature?

Answer 36

37 degrees Celsius

Question 37

If you get too cold, you can develop ________

Answer 37

Hypothermia

Question 38

If you get too hot you can develop ________

Answer 38

Hyperthermia

Question 39

What's phototropism?

Answer 39

A plants response to light They grow up, towards light Auxins are made in the tip of a growing shoot and move down the stem When a shoot gets light from above the auxins produced at the tip are spread out evenly at the shoot. As there is an equal amount of auxin in the shoot, the shoot grows straight up.

Question 40

What's gravitropism?

Answer 40

The process of how roots grow down. Auxins slow down growth on the lower side of the root so the root curves down. This means the roots can grow down and collect the nutrients from the ground

Question 41

What is auxin?

Answer 41

A hormone found in plants that controls and coordinates growth

Question 42

What two substances are lost during sweating?

Answer 42

Water and ions

Question 43

How does the sugar in a sports drink help an athlete during a marathon?

Answer 43

Used in respiration