B1.3 digestive system in humans

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

the process of breaking down food into molecules that can be absorbed by the body

Question 2

ingestion

Answer 2

taking in food via the mouth

Question 3

mechanical digestion

Answer 3

breaking down large pieces into smaller PIECES

Question 4

chemical digestion

Answer 4

breaking down large insoluble MOLECULEs into smaller molecules using enzymes

Question 5

absorption

Answer 5

small soluble molecules passing from gut into bloodstream then to all body cells

Question 6

egestion

Answer 6

removal of waste (faeces) from the body via the anus

Question 7

enzymes

Answer 7

biological catalysts
PROTEIN molecules that speed up chemical reactions in the body

Question 8

starch enzyme and soluble molecule

Answer 8

carbohydrase - glucose

Question 9

protein enzyme and soluble molecule

Answer 9

protease - amino acids

Question 10

lipids/fats and oils enzyme and soluble molecule

Answer 10

lipases - fatty acids and glycerol

Question 11

testing for glucose method

Answer 11

place glucose into test tube
add benedict’s solution HEAT AT 80C for 5 mins water bath

Question 12

testing for glucose colour change

Answer 12

blue to brick red

Question 13

testing for protein method

Answer 13

place protein in test tube
add biuret solution

Question 14

testing for protein colour change

Answer 14

blue to lilac

Question 15

what does the gall bladder look like

Answer 15

bulbous then tube

Question 16

what does the bile duct look like

Answer 16

tube coming from bulbous gall bladder

Question 17

peristalsis

Answer 17

muscles in the gut wall contract and push food along

Question 18

what is digested in mouth

Answer 18

starch

ingestion and mechanical and chemical

Question 19

what is digested in the stomach

Answer 19

PROTEIN
gastric juices contain protease

mechanical and chemical

Question 20

stomach pH

Answer 20

2 (optimum for protease) ad kills bacteria

Question 21

pancreas’ role

Answer 21

contains all 3 enzymes and is added to the duodenum

Question 22

what is digested in the small intestion

Answer 22

everything

chemical and absorption!

Question 23

what happens in the large intestine

Answer 23

water is reabsorped to leave faeces.
stored in the last part of the large intestine reading for egestion

Question 24

bile

Answer 24

green
secreted by the liver
stored on gall bladder
NEUTRALISES STOMACH ACID for enzymes in small intestine
emulsify fats

Question 25

explain emulsifying fats

Answer 25

breaking down large fat globules into small fat globules

Question 26

small intestine - 6m long

Answer 26

more time for aborption food takes long to pass through

Question 27

small intestine - millions of villi

Answer 27

increased surface area for absorption

Question 28

small intestine - villi have a surface layer only 1 cell thick

Answer 28

shorter diffusion distance from gut to blood stream

Question 29

villi contain blood capillaries

Answer 29

maintains diffusion gradient good transport system to all body cells

Question 30

carbohydrates use

Answer 30

energy source

Question 31

protein use

Answer 31

growth repair of tissues replacement of cells

Question 32

fats use

Answer 32

energy and insulation

Question 33

vitamins

Answer 33

maintain healthy tissue c- prevent scurvy

Question 34

minerals

Answer 34

iron - make haemoglobin no aaemia

Question 35

fibre

Answer 35

prevents constipation

Question 36

water

Answer 36

hydration + matabolic reactions

Question 37

look at calorimeter stuff (2 pages)

Answer 37

okay mandi