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biology year 10 from feb > B1.4 circulatory system in humans > Flashcards

B1.4 circulatory system in humans Flashcards

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1
Q

plasma function

A

transport of carbon dioxide
soluble food e.g glucose
urea
hormones
distributes heat

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2
Q

name of heart muscle

A

cardiac muscle

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3
Q

blood vessels on the heat

A

coronary arteries

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4
Q

what do the coronary arteries do

A

supply the heart with blood containing oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration

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5
Q

acronym to remember order of valances

A

TSB
tricuspid
(Septum)
bicuspid

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6
Q

what are the two systems of the double circulatory system

A

pulmonary system(lungs)
systemic (for other body organs)

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7
Q

function of the heart

A

contracts to pump blood around the body

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8
Q

What is meant by double circulation

A

blood flows through the heart twice in one complete circuit

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9
Q

what is the advantage of double circulation

A

maintains blood pressure for fast flow of blood to body organs

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10
Q

what do valves do

A

prevent the backflow of blood

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11
Q

5 blood vessels from artery to vein

A

artery
arteriole
(Network of) capillaries
venule
vein

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12
Q

why do capillaries form extensive networks

A

Each body cell is near a capillary carrying blood

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13
Q

Why do arteries split into arterioles

A

In order to reach each cell

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14
Q

Does blood wash over the body cells?

A

No! Tissue fluid does!

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15
Q

What does tissue fluid contain

A

Small molecules e,g water, oxygen, glucose, hormones
NOT proteins or red blood cells

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16
Q

How does oxygen and dissolved food get into cells

A

It diffuses across their cell membranes from the tissue fluid they are bathed in

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17
Q

What happens once oxygen and diffused food enter body cells from the tissue fluid

A

Respiration takes place and waste carbon dioxide
and urea
diffuse into the tissue fluid and pressure drops

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18
Q

why does tissue fluid even leak out of capillary walls?

A

PRESSURE of blood flow is HIGH from the arteries / arterioles

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19
Q

why does the tissue fluid containing waste products return back to the blood after respiration in cells take place

A

Pressure has now dropped because of previous leaking

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20
Q

Is tissue fluid a PART of plasma

A

Yes!

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21
Q

What is the function of capillaries

A

To allow exchange of substances between blood and body cells
(They have extensive networks! They love the hustle!)

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22
Q

what type of the blood does the (medical) right side of the heart pump
(imagine left on the book)

A

deoxygenated blood
(Pulmonary artery pumps it to the lungs)
(Vena cava receives deoxygenated blood used on body organs)

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23
Q

what type of blood does the medical left side of the heart pump
(imagine right on paper)

A

oxygenated blood
(aorta pumps oxygenated blood to body organs)
(pulmonary artery receives oxygenated blood from the lungs)

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24
Q

What is the outer wall of both an artery and vein made of

A

tough fibres
artery is thicker

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25
what’s the second layer of both an artery and vein
layer of MUSCLE and ELASTIC fibres artery is thicker
26
What is the third layer of both an artery and vein
smooth endothelium lining (one cell thick)
27
Why does an artery have a thicker muscular wall
To resists high pressure
28
Why does veins have thinner muscular walls
Allow contracting skeletal muscle to squeeze vein to help blood along (low pressure)
29
Is an arteries lumen smaller of larger than a vein’s
smaller!
30
Do arteries have valves (except the aorta and pulmonary artery)
No!
31
How does blood flow in an artery compared to in a vein
Blood flows in pulses in artery Blood flows smoothly in vein
32
How fast does blood flow in an artery
Rapidly at a higher pressure
33
5 risk factors of CVD
Smoking Obesity and overweight High cholesterol Lack of Exercise High blood pressure
34
How is smoking a risk factors
Carbon monoxide limits how much oxygen can be carried by haemoglobin
35
How is obesity a risk factor
Fat stored around organ/ heart so it HAS TO WORK HARDER
36
How is high cholesterol a risk factor
Linked to high fat diet which causes fatty deposits/ atheroma building up in the CORONARY arteries
37
How is lack of exercise a risk factor
Excess fat is not used for energy
38
39
How is high blood pressure a risk factor
Linked to high salt intake - can damage arteries by making them less elastic
40
What are atheroma
Fatty deposits that building up in the coronary arteries
41
What risk factor causes atherosclerosis
High cholesterol linked to High saturated fat diet
42
What is medical term for when there is atheroma in your coronary arteries
Atherosclerosis
43
What do atheroma do
Restrict the blood flow and may cause blood clots to form if a plaque ruptures
44
What are the cells in the heart
Heart muscle cells
45
How is a heart attack then caused from atherosclerosis
Narrowed arteries means less blood flow so not enough oxygen for heart to continue to contract
46
What is it called when u get pain in the chest due to atherosclerosis but not a heart attack
Angina
47
What happens when blood vessels in the brain are blocked
A stroke
48
The slower the flow of blood makes it more likely..
That a clot will form
49
3 Lifestyles changes you can make!
Stop smoking / reduce alcohol intake Regular and more exercise Less saturated fat and salt intake
50
Suggest a problem with these lifestyle changes
Require self discipline (but they have no side effects)
51
3 treatments for CVD!
Lifestyle changes Statins Angioplasty
52
What are statins
Daily Drugs that LOWER BLOOD CHOLESTEROL this reduces chance of atheroma in arteries
53
Do statins cure or prevent?
No, do not cure or prevent. They simply reduce one of the major risk factors
54
Can stains have side effects
Yes
55
Do lifestyle changes have side effects
No!
56
What is an angioplasty
Surgery done in emergency to widen narrowed arteries
57
Do the ventricles have thicker muscular walls? Which is the thickest?
The ventures have thicker muscular walls because every time they contract they must pump blood out of the heart Left ventricle wall is thicker because it’s connected to the aorta ( pumps all around the body)
58
What are attached to the valves so they don’t get pushed inside out
Tendons
59
Why do the atria have thin walls
they only PUMP blood to the ventricles
60
Do the even pump blood?
Yes! To the ventricles
61
What happens to the number of white blood cells in your body if you have an infection
Increase rapidly
62

biology year 10 from feb (4 decks)

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