Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology GCSE > B13-Reproduction > Flashcards

B13-Reproduction Flashcards

(48 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

By which cell division type does asexual reporduction rely on?

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are gametes formed

A

Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the structyre formed by fertilisation

A

Zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

State 1 difference between asexual and sexual reproduction

A

A-no fertilisation/genetically identical offspring
S-fertilisation/genetic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the gametes in plants

A

Egg and pollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many division do a cell undergo in meiosis?

A

Twice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many chromosomes are there in a human gamete?

A

23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define gametes

A

Sex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

State the 3 key stages in meiosis

A

1-copies of the DNA are made
2-the cell divides twice to form 4 gametes each with a single set of chromosomes
3-all 4 cells are genetically different from each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When a new cell is formed through fertilisation how does it divide?

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe how malarial parasites use both forms of reproduction

A

Reproduce asexually in the human host but sexually in the mosquito

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe how fungi use both forms of reproduction

A

Reproduce asexually by spores but also reproduce sexually to give variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe how plants use both forms of reproduction

A

Runners such as strawberry plants or bulb division such as daffodils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the structure of DNA

A

A polymer made up of 2 strands forming a double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the structure within which DNA is contained

A

Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a gene

A

A small section of DNA on a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of a gene?

A

To code for a particular sequence of amino acids in order to make a specific protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a genome?

A

The enitre genetic material of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

State 3 ways in which understanding of the human genome will be important

A

1-to search for genes linked to different types of disease
2-to understand and treat inherited disorders
3-to trace early human migration patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the 3 parts of a DNA molecule

Study These Flashcards
A

A phosphate group, a sugar molecule and a nucleotide base

21
Q

Name the 4 nucleotides found in DNA

Study These Flashcards
A

Adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine

22
Q

How many bases code for a particular amino acid?

23
Q

What is a set of 3 nucleotide bases called?

24
Q

Which cell organelle synthesises proteins?

25
How is the protein sequence correctly assembled?
Using a template molecule from the DNA
26
What brings specific amino acids to the ribosomes?
Carrier molecules
27
When the protein chain is complete what process aids it to form its unique shape?
Folding
28
Name 3 uses of proteins in the body
Enzymes, hormones, structural proteins eg collagen
29
What is a change in the DNA sequence called?
A mutation
30
Name 3 potential consequences for a protein of a mutation
1-no change or slight change so no effect on the protein 2-altered protein, so an enzyme may stop working 3-mutation within a non-coding region nearby to a gene may affect the expression(production) of a protein
31
What is a chromosome?
A thread-like structure which contains coiled up DNA and proteins
32
What is an allele?
A different version of a gene
33
What does dominant mean?
The individual only needs one copy of this allele for its phenotype to be seen
34
What does recessive mean?
The individual needs 2 copies of this allele for its phenotype to be seen
35
What does homzygous mean?
The individual has 2 identical alleles for this gene
36
What does heterozygous mean?
The individual has 2 different alleles for this gene
37
What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup of an organism for a particular gene(eg RR)
38
What is a phenotype?
The displayed characteristic due to the interactions between alleles(eg red flowers)
39
How many pairs of chromosomes does a human body cell have?
23
40
How many pairs of chromosomes determine the sex of the individual?
1
41
What is the genotype of a female?
XX
42
What is the genotype of a male?
XY
43
What is polydactyly?
A condition which causes sticky mucus to build up in the lungs
44
Is cystic fibrosis a dominant or recessive condition?
Recessive
45
State the genotype that would result in cystic fibrosis
cc(homozygous recessive)
46
State 1 method of screening embryos
Amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, IVF
47
State 1 concern of screening embryos
Causing miscarriage, ethical concerns, inaccurate results, expensive
48
State 1 benefit of embryo screening
Know if child will have disorder, able to decide if proceed with pregnancy or abortion

Biology GCSE (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions