B13.4 DNA And The Genome

Question 1

What is the size order of the gene, chromosome, nucleus, DNA and cell

Answer 1

Gene- smallest
DNA (polymer)
Chromosome
Nucleus
Cell- largest

Question 2

What are some key points on the structure of DNA?

Answer 2

Double Helix (shape)
Nucleotide, phosphate, sugar and base (T,A,C,G)

Question 3

What is a cell ?

Answer 3

Smallest unit of life

Question 4

What is DNA?

Answer 4

Molecules of repeating units (polymer) that contain genetic information

Question 5

What is a gene ?

Answer 5

Section sof DNA which code for proteins

Question 6

What are the four different bases called ?

Answer 6

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 7

What are three bases know as ?

Answer 7

Codons

Question 8

What do each condon code for ?

Answer 8

Code for a single amino acid

Question 9

What do the amino acids make ?

Answer 9

A chain of amino acids makes a protein

Question 10

What is the process of making proteins know as ?

Answer 10

Protein synthesis

Question 11

What is the genome ?

Answer 11

Complete set of genetic information in an organism
In living organism it is stored in molecules of DNA called chromosomes

Question 12

What is the human genome project ?

Answer 12

Aim: to separate the entire human genome (success)

Question 13

Why might the human genome project be useful (medicine)

Answer 13

• to understand inheritance and genes linked to disorders
• to compare healthy genome to disorder genome to locate the problem

Question 14

Why might the human genome project be useful (evolution)?

Answer 14

• compare similarities in genome across species
• establish evolutionary links