B14-1 Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones Flashcards
GnRH MOA? Where is it released from?
- Controls the release of FSH & LH
- released from the Hypothalamus
How are GnRH Agonists used therepeutically?
- Pulsatile
- as replacement therapy
- used for infertility or Dx of LH insufficiency in Hypogonadism - Continuous
- suppression therapy (reversible castration)
- “Biphasic Response” where it acts as an agonist for the first 7-10 days (flare) followed by inhibtion as the receptor becomes desensitized
- Tx: Endometrious, prostate cancer, central precocious puberty (puberty before 8 years of age)
Name 4 GnRH antagonists
“Ant needs to relix” - Ganirelix, Cetorelix, Abarelix, Degarelix
Name some advantages to GnRH antagonists compared to continuous use of GnRH agonists
- No initial “flare” in hormone levels
- More rapid onset of antagonistic effects
What are GnRH antagonists used to Tx?
Prostate cancer (atlernative to GnRH agonists)
Name a Growth Hormone (GH) agonist
Somatropin
Therepeutic use for Somatropin?
- GH deficiency
- Diseases of growth failure like Prader-Willi or Turner Syndrome
Name 2 Growth Hormone (GH) antagonists, aka _______________?
Octreotide and Lanreotide, a “Somatostatin Analog”
Octreotide/Lanreotide MOA?
Inhibits GH
Name 3 therapeutic uses of Octreotide & Lanreotide?
- Acromegaly or Gigantism
- Carcinoid syndrom or other hormone-secreting tumors (gastrinoma)
- Bleeding esophageal varices
Menotropin contains what? What is it used for?
- “Meno-“ means mixed, so contains both FSH & LH
- infertility, induces spermatogenesis or ovulation
Urofollitropin contains what? Used for what?
- FSH only
- same as Menotropins: Infertility
Lutropin (recombinant hCG) contains what? Used for what?
- LH only
- LH replacement therapy
Prolactin is the principle hormone for what? Where is it released from? How is it regulated?
- Lactation
- Anterior pituitary
- regulated by Hypothalamic inhibitory effects of dopamine
Name 2 prolactin antagonists. How do these work?
- Bromocriptine and Cabergoline
- “it’s dope to go online with my bro’s”
- They’re directly Dopamine agonists, and since dopamine provides inhibitory affects on the anterior pituitary release of Prolactin, direct dopamine agonists are indirect Prolactin Antagonists
What are prolactin antagonists used for?
Hyperprolactinemia, which inhibits ovuation and causes menstraul irregularities
In summary, name the Anterior Pituitary Hormones we discussed
- Growth Hormone
- Gonadotropins: FSH and LH
- Prolactin
Name the posterior pituitary hormone we discussed
- Vasopressin (ADH)
Name the vasopressin (ADH) agonist. What is it used to treat & how does it work?
- Desmopressin
- DOC for Central Diabetes Insipidus via V1b receptor
- Also can be used for Von Willebrand’s Disease, primary nocturnal enuresis, and Hemophilia A
Name the Vasopressin Antagonists (and what receptor they block). What are they used to treat? What is often preferred over these drugs?
- Conivaptan (V1 & V2 blocker) and Tolvaptan (V2 blocker)
- Tx for SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion)
- Sometimes called aquaretics
- Demeclocycline
Name the two GnRH agonists
Leuprolide & Goserelin
