B14 Drug Summary Flashcards
1
Q
Leuprolide
A
- GnRH agonist
- Pulsatile for infertility (rarely used), continuous for Prostate cancer
2
Q
Goserolin
A
- GnRH agonist
- Pulsatile for infertility (rarely used), continuous for Prostate cancer
3
Q
“-relix” drugs (Ganorelix, Cetorelix, Abarelix, Degarelix)
A
- GnRH antagonists (ant G needs to -relix)
- Prostate cancer (alternative to continuous dosed GnRH agonists)
4
Q
Somatropin
A
- GH agonist
- Tx for GH deficiency or growth inhibiting disease like Prader-Willi or Turners
5
Q
Octreotide
A
- GH antagonist
- gigantism, acromegaly, carcinoid tumor, bleeding esophageal verices
6
Q
Lanreotide
A
- think, it can cure “a giant from reo”
- GH antagonist
- gigantism, acromegaly, carcinoid tumor, bleeding esophageal verices
7
Q
Menotropin
A
- “meno” = mixed, so both LH & FSH
- infertility
8
Q
Lutropin, recombinant hCG
A
- “Lu is LH” , LH only
- LH deficiency
9
Q
Urofollitropin
A
- “folli is FSH”, FSH only
- infertility
10
Q
Bromocryptine
A
- “it’s dope to go online with my bros”
- Dopamine agonist, which regulates Prolactin, so it is a Prolactin Antagonist
- Tx for hyperprolactinemia
11
Q
Cabergoline
A
- think how Cabergoline sounds like dopamine
- Dopamine agonist, which regulates Prolactin, so it is a Prolactin Antagonist
- Tx for hyperprolactinemia
12
Q
Desmopressin
A
- Sounds like vasopressin, acts like vasopressin
- Vasopressin (ADH) agonist
- DOC for Central Diabetes Insipidus
- can also treat Von Willebrand Disease, Nocturnal Enuresis (peeing in bed), and Hemophilia A
13
Q
Conivaptan
A
- Vasopressin (ADH) Antagonist, aka “Aquaretic”
- remember the cones at the “vapor” national park that was spraying
- Tx for SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH)
- 2nd line treatment behind the preferred Demeclocycline
14
Q
Tolvaptan
A
- Vasopressin (ADH) Antagonist, aka “Aquaretic”
- remember the toll booth at the “vapor” national park that was spraying
- Tx for SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH)
- 2nd line treatment behind the preferred Demeclocycline
15
Q
Lispro
A
- meal time insulin therapy
- rapid onset (15 minutes) with a 4-6 hr duration
16
Q
Regular Insulin
A
- meal time insulin therapy
- short onset (30 minutes) with a 4-6 hr duration
17
Q
NPH
A
- basal insulin therapy
- intermediate onset (1.5 hours) with a 12 hour duration
- dosed b.i.d
18
Q
Glargine
A
- Basal insulin therapy
- Long acting (onset 2 hours) with a 24 hour duration
- dosed q.d
19
Q
Metformin
A
- Biguanide
- First-line Tx, no hypoglycemia
- Decreases hepatic glucose output while simultaneously increasing peripheral glucose uptake
- Do not give in renal or liver failure or with/after IV contrast (hold for 48 hours)
- Can cause diarrhea (common) and lactic acidosis (rare)
20
Q
Pioglitazone
A
- Thiazolidinedione
- increases peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity
- can cause edema, so CI with advanced CHF
21
Q
Glipizide
A
- aka Sulfonylurea
- stimulates insulin release from the pancreas by blocking ATP sensitive K+ channels
- can cause severe hypoglycemia
22
Q
Repaglinide
A
- aka Meglitinide
- stimulates insulin release from the pancreas by blocking ATP sensitive K+ channels
- can cause severe hypoglycemia
23
Q
Acarbose
A
- alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
- prevents digestion/absorption of complex carbs
- can cause GI issues
24
Q
Exenatide
A
- GLP-1 analog
- acts like incretin, so it stimulates insulin secretion
- can cause weight loss, acute pancreatitis, thyroid tumors
25
Sitagliptin
- DDP-4 inhibitor
| - slows inactivation of incretin
26
Canagliflozin
- "cana" looks like canal, so think kidney-canal
- SGLT2 inhibitor
- acts on kidneys, so renally adjust
- increase risk of UTI's
27
Ketoconazole
- blocks 17-alpha hydroxylase and desmolase
- Tx for ACTH dependent Cushing’s Syndrome, prostate cancer, and is an antifungal
- can cause hepatotoxicity and QT prolongation
28
Spironolactone
- inhibits aldosterone
| - Tx for primary Hyperaldosteronism or Conn Syndrome
29
Fludrocortisone
- Tx for Addison Disease
| - IV for acute cases ike adrenal hemorrhage from septicemia
30
Hydrocortisone
- Tx for Addison Disease
| - IV for acute cases like adrenal hemorrhage from septicemia
31
PTH
- Tx for osteoporosis
- decreased calcium excretion
- increased one resorption
- phosphate excretion
- calcitril production from kidneys
32
Sevelamer
- Tx for osteoporosis
| - Phosphate binder
33
Calcitriol
- Tx for osteoporosis
| - Vitamin D formed by the kidney in response to PTH
34
Cholecalciferol
- Tx for osteoporosis
| - Vitamin D3 - made in the skin and in animals
35
Ergocalciferol
- Tx for osteoporosis
| - Vitamin D2 - plant source foods
36
Alendronate
- Tx for osteoporosis
- a biphosphonate
- binds to sites of bone remodeling
- must stand or sit for 30-60 minutes
- can cause atypicaly femur fractures
37
Denosumab
- Tx for osteoporosis
- monoclonal antibody that binds to RANKL
- do not give in hypocalcemia
38
Miacalcinin
- Calcitonin salmon
39
Fortical
Calcitonin salmon
40
Tamoxifen
- SERM
- Tx for breast cancer
- Hot flashes & Thromboembolism (cataract, retinopathy)
41
Raloxifene
- SERM
- Tx for Osteoporosis
- hot flashes & thromboembolism
42
Clomiphene
- SERM
- Tx for infertility: induces ovulation by blocking the negative feedback of estrogen to the pituitary gland, leading to more release of FSH & LH
- Nausea, hot flashes, ovarian cysts
43
Fulvestrant
- full estrogen receptor antagonist
- Tx for breast cancer
- Nausea, hepatotoxicity
44
Anastrozole
- aromatase inhibitor
- Tx for breast cancer
- hot flashes, nausea
45
Letrozole
- Aromatase inhibitor
- Tx for breast cancer
- Nausea and hot flashes
46
Danazol
- inhibits 17-alpha hydroxylase, decreasing estrogen synthesis
- Tx for endometrosis
- Hirsutism, hepatotoxicity, thromboembolism
47
Progestins
- Androgenic, can cause acne and hirsutism
| - long term use can decrease bone density
48
Mifepristone
- progesterone and glucocorticoid antagonist
| - Abortion
49
Ulipristal
- partial progesterone agonist and weak glucocorticoid antagonist
- emergency contraceptive
50
Finasteride
- 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, increases apoptosis
- Tx for BPH
- decreased libido
51
Dutasteride
- 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, increases apoptosis
- Tx for BPH
- decreased libido
52
Flutamide
- Androgen receptor blocker
- Tx for prostate cancer
- Decreased libido, hepatotoxicity
53
Sildenafil
- PDE5i
- First line ED medication
- can cause hypotension, blurred (and blue tinted - “cyanopsia”) vision
- do not take with nitroglycerine or vasodilators
54
Alprostadil
- second line ED medication
- PGE1 analog
- localized pain and burning
