B16: Adaptations, Interdependence and Competition

Question 1

define interdependence

Answer 1

how an entire ecosystem relies on one another to function

Question 2

abiotic

Answer 2

non-living

Question 3

biotic

Answer 3

living

Question 4

what is a stable community

Answer 4

one where all the species and environmental factors are balances, population sizes are fairly constant

Question 5

examples of abiotic factors (7)

Answer 5

-light intensity
-temperature
-moisture levels
-soil pH and mineral content
-wind intensity and direction
-carbon dioxide levels for plants
-oxygen for aquatic animals.

Question 6

biotic factors

Answer 6

-food availability
-new predators
-new pathogens
-new competitors

Question 7

what do we use to count organisms in a sample area

Answer 7

quadrats

Question 8

two types of counting using a quadrat

Answer 8

-quantitative sampling
-counting along a transect

Question 9

what do animals compete for

Answer 9

-food
-territory
-mates

Question 10

adaptations that animals have to compete better

Answer 10

-warning colour skin
-long legs for running fast
-sharp eyes
-using urine or faeces to mark boundaries
-colourful patterns and displays

Question 11

what do plants compete for

Answer 11

-light
-water
-nutrients
-space
-visibility for pollinators

Question 12

how can plants avoid competition

Answer 12

-grow early in the year (not as much tree shade)
-different roots
-large surface area (big leaves)
-tendrils or suckers

Question 13

how do plants avoid competition with their own species

Answer 13

spreading seeds far apart by wind, water, or animals moving

Question 14

tree suckers

Answer 14

epiphytes

Question 15

adaptations of saguaro cactus

Answer 15

pollinated by bats, at night so they lose less water.

Question 16

some sea birds and mangroves adaptation

Answer 16

extra salt ‘cry’ it away

Question 17

what do animals in plants in the cold produce

Answer 17

antifreeze

Question 18

organisms that survive and reproduce in the most difficult conditions

Answer 18

extremophiles

Question 19

example of an extremophile

Answer 19

thermophile bacteria

Question 20

adaptations in animals in the cold

Answer 20

-small surface to volume ratio, less heat lost.
-thick fur
-blubber
-camouflage

Question 21

adaptations in dry climates

Answer 21

-kidney produces concentrated urine
-active in colder times (morning, evening)
-large thin ears, losing heat.

Question 22

plants in dry climate adaptations

Answer 22

-curled leaves, reduce surface area (marram grass)
-cacti, spine has very small surface area and little water loss. stop animals eating them.
-vast root system
-storing water in tissues