b2

Question 1

what’s the order of organisation

Answer 1

cell
tissue
organ
organ system

Question 2

whats the role of teeth in digestive system

Answer 2

break food down mechanically
saliva contains enzymes

Question 3

whats the role of the stomach in digestive system

Answer 3

contains hydrochloric acid to break down food

Question 4

whats the role of the liver in the digestive system

Answer 4

produces bile

Question 5

where is bile stored

Answer 5

gal bladder

Question 6

what is the role of the pancreas in the digestive system

Answer 6

secretes amylase

Question 7

true or false:
water is absorbed in the blood stream in the large intestine

Answer 7

true

Question 8

where are nutrients absorbed by villi?
a. large intestine
b. pancreas
c. small intestine

Answer 8

c. small intestine

Question 9

what are enzymes

Answer 9

special proteins that act as catalysts to break down molecules

Question 10

amylase breaks _______ into glucose

Answer 10

starch

Question 11

__________ breaks down carbohydrates

Answer 11

carbohydrase

Question 12

proteases break down proteins into ___________

Answer 12

amino acids

Question 13

lipases break down _________ into glycerol

Answer 13

lipids

Question 14

true or false:
enzymes are not specific and can break down any substrate into their active site

Answer 14

false

Question 15

how do you denature an enzyme

Answer 15

• increased temperature
• pH too high or too low

Question 16

whats the enzyme practical

Answer 16

• mix amylase with starch and start timer
• remove a few drops of mixture every 10 seconds and add to iodine
• record the time taken for no starch to be detected
• repeat with different temperatures

Question 17

starch turns iodine from orange

Answer 17

to black

Question 18

protein turns burets reagent from blue to

Answer 18

purple

Question 19

sugar tuna Benedict’s solution from blue to

Answer 19

orange

Question 20

lipids turns ethanol

Answer 20

cloudy

Question 21

whats the route of air

Answer 21

trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli

Question 22

whats the point of alveoli

Answer 22

its where the oxygen diffuses into the blood

Question 23

why does gas exchange occur at a fast rate

Answer 23

alveoli have a large surface area

Question 24

what is diffused out

Answer 24

carbon dioxide and water

Question 25

what do valves do

Answer 25

prevent back flow

Question 26

whats the route of the blood

Answer 26

Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium by the vena cava Down into the right ventricle The heart muscles contract and is pumped up to the pulmonary artery to go the lungs to be oxygenated Comes back the the heart by the pulmonary vein into the left atrium Down into the left ventricle Out to the body by the aorta

Question 27

why does the left side of the heart have thicker walls

Answer 27

due to the higher pressure needed to pump blood

Question 28

true or false: arteries carry blood to the heart

Answer 28

false away from the heart

Question 29

what do arteries have to withstand high pressure?

Answer 29

thick walls thin lumen

Question 30

true or false: veins carry blood to the heart

Answer 30

true

Question 31

true of false: veins don't have valves

Answer 31

false

Question 32

how thick are veins walls and lumen?

Answer 32

walls - thin lumen - wide

Question 33

whats a capillary

Answer 33

one cell thick to allow fast diffusion between blood and cells

Question 34

whats coronary heart disease

Answer 34

when the artery supplying the blood to the heart becomes blocked

Question 35

what are 2 ways of fixing coronary heart disease

Answer 35

stent and statins

Question 36

whats a stent

Answer 36

a metal mesh inserted to open up the vessel

Question 37

whats a statin

Answer 37

drugs that reduce these fatty deposits

Question 38

true or false: communicable diseases come from inside the body

Answer 38

false they come from pathogens

Question 39

what are 3 examples of non-communicable diseases

Answer 39

- diabetes - coronary heart disease - cancer

Question 40

what is cancer

Answer 40

genetic mutation causing cells to multiply uncontrollably creating a tumour

Question 41

does benign tumours spread round the body

Answer 41

no

Question 42

whats the tumour called that does spread through the body

Answer 42

malignant

Question 43

whats the purpose of a leaf

Answer 43

- photosynthesis - gas exchange - water evaporates out

Question 44

what are xylems

Answer 44

- continuous tubes that carry water and dissolved minerals

Question 45

what are roots

Answer 45

- water enters via osmosis - mineral ions via active transport

Question 46

whats the flower

Answer 46

reproductive organ

Question 47

whats the meristem

Answer 47

where stem cells are produced

Question 48

whats the phloem tube

Answer 48

tubes of cells that carry sugars and other nutrients

Question 49

what does the waxy cuticle on a leaf do

Answer 49

waterproof to stop water loss

Question 50

what part of leaf: transparent to let light through

Answer 50

upper epidermis

Question 51

what does the palisade mesophyll do

Answer 51

where most photosynthesis takes place

Question 52

what does spongy mesophyll do?

Answer 52

gas exchange

Question 53

what part of the leaf: bottom of the leaf

Answer 53

lower epidermis

Question 54

whats the stomata

Answer 54

holes in lower epidermis to allow gases in/out including water

Question 55

whats the guard cells

Answer 55

change size to control rate of gases in/out through stomata