b3 Flashcards
(26 cards)
what’s a pathogen
a micro-organism that causes disease
what are 4 examples of a pathogen
- bacteria
- viruses
- fungi
- protists
how do viruses reproduce
inserting genes into cells which causes them to produce more
what are 3 examples of viruses
- measles
- HIV
- coronavirus
what does bacteria do
release toxins into your body that damage cells
what are 2 examples on bacteria
- salmonella
- gonorrhoea
true or false:
fungi don’t damage cells
false
they do
are protists multi-cellular or uni-cellular
uni-cellular
whats an example of a protists
malaria
what are 2 examples of disease in plants
- rose black spot fungus
- tobacco mosaic virus
what does rose black spot cause
leaves to fall off
what does tobacco mosaic virus cause
discolours leaves
less chlorophyll
stunted growth
what defence and immune responses are there in humans
- skin stops
- mucus in nose/trachea traps
- acid and enzymes kill pathogens
what defence and immune responses are there in plants
- cell wall and waxy cuticle are barriers
- antibacterial chemicals
- poison and thorns to deter
true or false:
lymphocytes and phagocytes are a type of white blood cell
true
what is immunity
once correct antibody is found, T cells store them in your lymph nodes for next time
whats a lymphocyte
they produce antitoxins to neutralise toxins made by pathogens
how do lymphocytes work
antibodies bind to the antigen of a pathogen only if they fit which causes them to clump together
whats a vaccine
a dead/inert version of a virus into your body
why do we use vaccines
so you can gain immunity without being ill
what do antibiotics kill
just bacteria
why must you take the whole course of antibiotics
to kill all bacteria or more resistant bacteria will survive and multiply
where does aspirin come from
trees
what was the first ever antibiotic
penicillin
