B2 Biology 90% of textbook

Question 1

Palisade mesophyll cells

Answer 1

Found in leaves

Packed with chloroplasts (photosynthesis)

Question 2

Root hair cells

Answer 2

Extensions goes into soil and absorbs water and mineral ions

Question 3

Xylem vessels

Answer 3

Made up of dead, empty cells
Arranged in long tubes of the cell wall
Transports water from the roots and up to the stem leaves

Question 4

What does unicellular organisms mean?

Answer 4

Organisms that can live on its own and carry out all the seven characteristics of living organisms

Question 5

Definition of diffusion

Answer 5

The movement of particles through the particles of air from a high to a low concentration

Question 6

Definition of concentration gradient

Answer 6

Difference in concentration of a substance between two areas

Question 7

Net movement of particles?

Answer 7

From a higher concentration to a lower concentration

Question 8

Definition of organs

Answer 8

Groups of tissues joined together to make a complicated structure

Question 9

Epithelial tissue function

Answer 9

Make up linings inside the body

Question 10

Glandular tissue function

Answer 10

Produce and releases enzymes and hormones

Question 11

Difference between differentiate and specialized cells

Answer 11

Differentiate cells are specialized to carry out a specific job
Specialized cells are cells that has special features for a function

Question 12

Bacteria/Yeast cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 12

Bacteria cells are prokaryotic

Yeast cells are euros eukaryotic

Question 13

What is starch?

Answer 13

A potato (glucose joined together)

Question 14

Definition of limiting factor

Answer 14

A factor that reduces the rate of photosynthesis

Question 15

Examples of limiting factors

Answer 15

Temperature
Light intensity
Concentration of carbon dioxide

Question 16

How starch is made

Answer 16

Through respiration

Question 17

Why is starch useful for storage?

Answer 17

It is insoluble

Doesn’t easily react with other chemicals

Question 18

Uses of glucose

Answer 18

Glucose is used for respiration
Build cells with nitrates
Make lipids
Make cellulose for cell wall

Question 19

How to enhance rate of photosynthesis

Answer 19

Grow plants in greenhouses or polytunnels where the environment around the plant including the solid can be controlled

Enhance carbon dioxide and light
Control temperature

Question 20

Proteins are made up of?

Answer 20

Amino acids

Question 21

What is the name when amino acids are joined in a long chain?

Answer 21

Polypeptide

Question 22

Substance that locks into the active site of an enzyme

Answer 22

Substrate

Question 23

What changes shape of enzymes?

Answer 23

High temperatures

pH values

Question 24

What does amylase catalyse?

Answer 24

Amylase enzymes catalyse the breakdown of starch to sugars

Question 25

What does protease catalyse?

Answer 25

Protease enzymes catalyse the breakdown of protein into amino acids

Question 26

What does lipase catalyse?

Answer 26

Lipase enzymes catalyse the breakdown of lipids (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 27

Function of bile?

Answer 27

It neutralizes acid that was added to food in the stomach for enzymes to easily break it down

Question 28

Aerobic respiration

Answer 28

Release of energy that requires oxygen

Question 29

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 29

Releasing energy that doesn't require oxygen

Question 30

Respiration equation

Answer 30

Glucose+oxygen=carbon dioxide+water

Question 31

Which cell does respiration?

Answer 31

Mitochondria

Question 32

Anaerobic respiration waste product?

Answer 32

Glucose - Lactic acid

Question 33

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 33

Extra oxygen our bodies need after exercise

Question 34

What is mitosis, where and what is uses?

Answer 34

Process of cell division that produces 2 genetically identical parent cell Happens on skin Uses asexual reproduction

Question 35

What is meoisis, where and what it uses?

Answer 35

A form of cell division to produce sex cells (gametes) It produces 4 cells with half the normal number of chromosomes Happens in testes or ovaries Uses sexual reproduction

Question 36

What are stem cells?

Answer 36

Cells that can differentiate into a range of other cells

Question 37

What is an embryonic stem cell?

Answer 37

A stem cell extracted from an embryo that can differentiate into any kind of body cell

Question 38

What are the uses of stem cells?

Answer 38

Bone marrow cells are used to treat leukemia | Treat paralysis caused by damage to spinal cord

Question 39

What are the ethical problems of using stem cells?

Answer 39

Some say that using embryos is destroying a new life

Question 40

What is an adult stem cell?

Answer 40

A stem cell extracted from differentiated tissue, which can only differentiate only to a limited range of specialized cells

Question 41

What are chromosomes? | What does it consists of?

Answer 41

Immensely long molecules of DNA found in the nucleus of every cell in our body It consists of a string of genes

Question 42

What is DNA?

Answer 42

A long coiled molecule that carries the genetic code

Question 43

What is a gene?

Answer 43

Small section of DNA in a chromosome that carries instructions

Question 44

Why does variation happen?

Answer 44

Each gene occurs in different forms (alleles)

Question 45

What is DNA profiling?

Answer 45

A process of DNA screening to identify individuals

Question 46

Function of 8 cells

Answer 46

Cytoplasm - many chemical reactions happen there Chloroplast - photosynthesis Cell wall - keeps cell firm/strengthens it Mitochondria - respiration Nucleus - control cells activities Cell membrane - controls what goes in and out of the cell Vacuole - contains water and other dissolved substances Ribosome - join amino acids to make protein j

Question 47

Animal cells

Answer 47

``` Cbrane Cplasm Nucleus Mito Ribo ```

Question 48

Plant and algal cells

Answer 48

All

Question 49

Yeast cell

Answer 49

All except chloroplasts

Question 50

Bacterial cells

Answer 50

Cbrane Cplasm Cwall Ribo

Question 51

Which organ makes lipase?

Answer 51

Pancreas

Question 52

Which organ produces protease?

Answer 52

Pancreas

Question 53

What does the large intestines do in our body?

Answer 53

It absorbs water

Question 54

What does the liver do in our body?

Answer 54

Produces bile

Question 55

What does the small intestines do in our body?

Answer 55

It digests the food

Question 56

What is an allele?

Answer 56

An alternative form of a gene

Question 57

What are fossils?

Answer 57

Remains or traces left of organisms that once lived

Question 58

Different forms of fossils?

Answer 58

Mineral replacement Mummification Mounds and casts Trace fossils

Question 59

What's an enzyme?

Answer 59

A biological catalyst