P1 Physics

Question 0

Infrared radiation

Answer 0

A type of electromagnetic radiation involving waves instead of particles. This means that radiation can travel through vacuum in space. Like the sun, it is far but we can still feel the heat.

Question 1

3 heat transfers?

Answer 1

Convection, conduction and radiation

Question 2

Conduction

Answer 2

Conduction is the movement of heat through a metal/substance

Question 3

Convection

Answer 3

Heat movement in liquids and gases

Question 4

Explain convection in fluids

Answer 4

Fluids expand when heated because the particles move faster when they’re cooler. As a result the particles take up more volume

Question 5

Condensation

Answer 5

Turning gas into liquid
Eg steam
The gas particles keeps themselves together to form bonds and energy is released when this happens

Question 6

What is the Doppler effect?

Answer 6

When there is an apparent change in frequency and wavelength due to the movement of the source and the observer

Question 7

Source of sound gets closer to observer?

Answer 7

The wavelength decreases and the frequency increases

Blue shift

Question 8

Sources is far from observer?

Answer 8

Wavelength increases and frequency decreases

Red shift

Question 9

If a star is far away from earth this means?

Answer 9

More of its light has been red shifted

Question 10

What is the microwave in space called?

Answer 10

CMBR - cosmetic microwave background radiation

Question 11

What is the kinetic theory?

Answer 11

This theory explains different properties in different states of matter

Question 12

Types of fossil fuels and are they renewable?

Answer 12

Coal, oil and natural gas. They are none renewable

Question 13

Disadvantages of using fossil fuels

Answer 13

They are non renewable and when they are burnt, they release sulphur dioxide gas, which contributes to acid rain
Coal also releases carbon dioxide Gas which contributes to global warming

Question 14

What is carbon capture?

Answer 14

Carbon capture is a technology used to prevent carbon dioxide building up into the atmosphere

Question 15

What are nuclear fuels?

Answer 15

They are nuclear substances used to release heat energy

Question 16

Advantages and disadvantages of using nuclear fuels?

Answer 16

They don’t release carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide

But they are non renewable and must be stored safely

Question 17

Wind energy

Answer 17

Turbines uses wind power to generate electricity

Question 18

Advantages and disadvantages of wind turbine?

Answer 18

They are renewable

But they spoil landscape view and if there is no wind there is no electricity

Question 19

Wave, tides and hydroelectric power

Answer 19

They all use water movement to generate electricity

Question 20

Pros and cons of water energy?

Answer 20

They are renewable and do not release harmful gases to the environment
But they destroy habitats of estuary species. The rotting vegetables will release methane which is a greenhouse gas

Question 21

What is geothermal energy?

Answer 21

Using hot water and steam underground to turn turbines

Question 22

Geothermal energy - Hot rocks and volcanic areas

Answer 22

Hot rocks-people drill wells into hot rocks and pump cold water that releases steam and hot water where it drives generators and turbines
Volcanic areas- some rocks contain uranium which the decaying of these substances heats up the rocks and some areas, the rocks heats up the waters and hot water and steam comes up to the surface naturally. The steam can be used turn turbines

Question 23

Pros and cons of geothermal energy?

Answer 23

It’s renewable and doesn’t release harmful gases into the atmosphere
But most parts of the world do not have hot rocks and volcanic areas that can be exploited

Question 24

Solar cells

Answer 24

They are devices that convert sunlight into electrical energy

Question 25

Differences between solar panels and cells?

Answer 25

Panels heat up water systems | Cells convert sunlight into electrical energy

Question 26

Pros and cons of solar cells?

Answer 26

They are renewable and do not release any harmful gases into the atmosphere But they are expensive and inefficient. So their cost is quit high. They also do not work at night

Question 27

Which power stations take longer time to startup?

Answer 27

Nuclear power stations take a long time to start up. Gas fired stations take less time to start up

Question 28

The national grid- the higher the current, the higher the?

Answer 28

The higher the current, more heat is lost. | To lower these currents the national grid transmits electricity at a lower current, which costs high voltage.

Question 29

What is the transformer?

Answer 29

Transformer is a device that changes the voltage of an (ac) supply

Question 30

2 types of transformers?

Answer 30

A transformer that increases voltage is called a step up transformer A transformer that decreases voltage is called a step down transformer

Question 31

Law of conservation of energy

Answer 31

Energy can be stored or transferred and cannot be created or destroyed

Question 32

How do lights travel?

Answer 32

It travels through waves

Question 33

How can waves be described by?

Answer 33

By their amplitude, frequency and wavelength

Question 34

How can the speed of a wave be calculated from?

Answer 34

From its frequency and wavelength

Question 35

What are waves?

Answer 35

Oscillations that travel from one place to another

Question 36

What do waves travel through?

Answer 36

They travel through the median (solid,liquid or gas)

Question 37

What types of waves that don't travel through the median?

Answer 37

Infrared and electromagnetic radiation

Question 38

What are transverse waves? Examples?

Answer 38

oscillations traveling perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer Light and electromagnetic waves

Question 39

What are longitudinal waves?

Answer 39

Oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer Sound waves

Question 40

Describe diffraction

Answer 40

When a wave goes through a small gap, it will spread out. The spread will depend on the size of the gap

Question 41

Describe refraction

Answer 41

When sound waves goes through a boundary, it will cause them to change direction

Question 42

Law of reflection?

Answer 42

Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

Question 43

What do diffraction of waves allow?

Answer 43

It allows low frequency waves to be received behind hills

Question 44

What is frequency?

Answer 44

The number of cycles passing a point in one second

Question 45

What is the amplitude?

Answer 45

The height of the crest

Question 46

What's an oscillation?

Answer 46

A repeated pattern of movement

Question 46

What are power station?

Answer 46

Power stations that control electricity around the whole country