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P2 Phy Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an atom

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2
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The total number of particles in the nucleus

Protons + neutrons

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3
Q

What are isotopes?

A

When atoms have the same number of protons but has different numbers of neutrons

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4
Q

What are ions?

A

A molecule that has either lost (positive) or gained (negative) electrons

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5
Q

What kind of nucleus do radioactive elements have?

A

An unstable nucleus

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6
Q

What is radioactive decay?

A

Unstable nucleus release and emit radiation and form a different nucleus

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7
Q

What is background radiation?

A

Low level of radiation around us

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8
Q

What are man made sources of radiation?

A

Atomic bomb tests

Nuclear power plants

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9
Q

Nuclear equation of Alpha radiation?

A

4 less protons (top)

2 less mass number (bottom)

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10
Q

Nuclear equation of Beta Decay?

A

0 less protons (Top)

1 less mass number (bottom)

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11
Q

What is the charge of alpha radiation?

A

2+

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12
Q

What is the charge of beta radiation?

A

-1

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13
Q

What is the charge if gamma radiation?

A

No charge

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14
Q

What are the distances between alpha, beta and gamma radiation?

A

Alpha particles can travel a few centimeters
Beta can travel through a few meters
Gamma can travel a long way

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15
Q

What does ionizing radiation mean?

A

Radiation ionize atoms to form charged ions

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16
Q

What is the danger of ionization?

A

They damage or kill cells

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17
Q

Why is alpha radiation more dangerous than gamma or beta radiation?

A

Alpha radiation has a short range so it will ionize everything close
Beta and gamma radiation have a long range so it will travel far before it could ionize cells

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18
Q

Give one positive use of alpha particles and explain how

A

Alpha particles can be used in smoke detectors. It neutralizes charged particles in smoke and the number of charged particles In the air will reduce. The detector will detect the change and the alarm will go off

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19
Q

What are the uses of beta radiation?

A

Beta particles can damage cancer cells without causing too much damage to healthy cells
It can use to measure thickness of paper in factories

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20
Q

What are the uses of gamma radiation?

A

They are used as medical traders

Detect cracks in pipes

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21
Q

What are the 3 types of particles do atoms contain?

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A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

22
Q

What is nuclear fission?

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A

Fission is the splitting of nucleus in an atom

23
Q

What is the chain reaction of nuclear fission?

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A

As nuclei is split, this will continue

24
Q

What does a moderator do in nuclear reactors?

What does it contain?

Study These Flashcards
A

It slows down the neutrons give out by nuclear substances such as uranium 235
It contains graphite or water

25
What does the control rods do?
They control the speed of the reaction
26
What is nuclear fusion?
The combination of nuclei to form a larger nucleus and release energy
27
What are the common fuel for nuclear fusion?
Deuterium and tritium
28
Life cycle of a sun-like star
Huge clouds of gas and dust (nebulae) Pulled by gravitational forces It begins to compress and warms up This forms a spinning disc of hot gas (protostar) Fusion begins, a true star is formed It blows if other layers of gas and dust The star is halfway through, so it will start the main sequence and last another 5 billions years Once hydrogen fuel is used, the star will swell up and become bigger (red giant) that lasts tens of thousands of years Core collapses, a white dwarf will be formed
29
What is the supernova?
When the core of a star collapses even more and explodes, releasing a lot of energy
30
What is a neutron star?
A ball of matter formed when the core collapsed
31
What is the black hole?
Small ball of very dense matter
32
How are heavier elements were formed?
Hydrogen was formed a few billion years after the Big Bang A few stars were formed a million years later This formed heavier elements, that exploded, scattering pieces across space Newer stars are formed containing heavier elements from older exploded stars
33
How to protect ourselves from radiation?
Keep distances between ourselves and radioactive source
34
What are half lives?
Average time it takes for something to decline by half
35
Law of force
The action force is matched by the reaction force
36
What is acceleration?
The measure of how quickly something gets faster
37
What is momentum?
Mass of an object multiplied by its velocity
38
What is the law conservation of momentum?
If 2 objects collide, the total momentum is the same before and after the collision
39
What is the use of KERS?
It's a way of making a vehicles braking system more energy efficient
40
What is static electricity?
A charge in an object caused by the addition or removal of electrons
41
What is oh mic law?
When a graph goes a straight line | Voltage is proportional to current
42
What is non oh mic?
When a graph is not straight and has no correlation
43
What is parallel circuit?
Circuit is separated
44
What is series circuit?
Circuit is joined without getting split or with branches
45
What is the difference between a thermistor and LDR?
Thermistor is temperature dependent resistor | LDR is light dependent resistor
46
What are resistors used for?
Control flow of current in an electrical circuit
47
A component that is non oh mic?
A filament bulb
48
What is meant by direct current?
Current flows in one direction only from positive to negative
49
What is a fuse?
A fuse is a safety devices that protect against these faults
50
What does a fuse do?
A wire is in a fuse that melts if a current in a circuit gets too hot resulting in overheating. It will melt if this happens so
51
What does an earth wire do?
It will cause the fuse to blow so that the current stops flowing and it makes it safe
52
What does a circuit breakers do?
It disconnects electricity if there is a difference in the current flow

GCSE (18 decks)

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