B2.6 Health & Disease

Question 1

Health is defined as being free from two types of diseases, what are these?

Answer 1

Being free from communicable and non communicable diseases

Question 2

Define communicable disease

Answer 2

A disease passed from one organism to another to another

Question 3

Define non communicable diseases

Answer 3

A disease that can’t be spread from one organism to another

Question 4

List the 3 types of infection

Answer 4

Viral, Bacterial and Fungi

Question 5

How is salmonella spread ?

Answer 5

Contaminated food

Question 6

How can salmonella be prevented?

Answer 6

Cook food thoroughly

Question 7

How to do you treat salmonella, TB and chlamydia?

Answer 7

Antibiotics

Question 8

What spreads TB?

Answer 8

Airborne

Question 9

How do you prevent TB?

Answer 9

BCG Vaccine

Question 10

How is chlamydia spread?

Answer 10

Sexual contact

Question 11

How do you prevent chlamydia?

Answer 11

Condoms

Question 12

How is HV/AIDS spread?

Answer 12

Exchange of body fluids
Infected blood

Question 13

How do you prevent AIDS/HIV?

Answer 13

Condom
Addicts not sharing a needle

Question 14

How do you treat HIV/AIDS?

Answer 14

Antiviral drugs to slow progression

Question 15

How is the cold and flu spread?

Answer 15

Airborne droplets

Question 16

How do you prevent the cold and flu?

Answer 16

Good hygiene
Vaccine

Question 17

How is HPV spread?

Answer 17

Sexual contact

Question 18

How do you prevent HPV?

Answer 18

Vaccine

Question 19

How is athletes foot spread?

Answer 19

Contact with surfaces

Question 20

How do you prevent athletes foot?

Answer 20

Avoid direct contact

Question 21

How do you treat athletes foot?

Answer 21

Antifungal cream and powder

Question 22

How is potato blight spread?

Answer 22

Airborne spores which spread in humid warm conditions

Question 23

How do you prevent potato blight?

Answer 23

Crop rotation
Spray with fungicide

Question 24

What are pathogens?

Answer 24

Disease causing microbes

Question 25

What do lymphocytes do?

Answer 25

Produce antibodies

Question 26

What are antibodies to the pathogen?

Answer 26

Specific and complimentary

Question 27

What happens when an antibody comes into contact with a pathogen?

Answer 27

It binds to them and the pathogens are imobilised

Question 28

List the 3 things phagocytes do

Answer 28

Surround, engulf and digest pathogens in a process called phagocytosis

Question 29

What is primary response?

Answer 29

The first time your body encounters a pathogen

Question 30

What happens during primary response?

Answer 30

Your body takes time to produce correct antibodies

Question 31

What is secondary response?

Answer 31

The second time your body encounters a pathogen

Question 32

What happens during secondary response?

Answer 32

Lymphocytes quickly produce antibodies needed

Question 33

What is active immunity?

Answer 33

When the body can produce antibodies in the long term

Question 34

What is passive immunity?

Answer 34

Injection of antibodies

Question 35

How does vaccination work?

Answer 35

Modified pathogen injected Lymphocytes produce antibody and memory lymphocytes are made

Question 36

What are antibiotics?

Answer 36

Chemicals produced by fungi which are used to kill or reduce the growth of bacteria

Question 37

What is a super bug?

Answer 37

A bacteria resistant to antibiotics

Question 38

List some procedures used to control super bugs

Answer 38

Finish antibiotic course Medical staff should wear disposable clothing and wash hands regularly Hospital visitors should wash hands All spillages of body fluids should be cleaned immediately

Question 39

List 3 safety precautions while working in a lab whilst working with microorganisms

Answer 39

No eating and drinking Wear safety glasses Wash hands before and after

Question 40

Explain the aseptic technique

Answer 40

Sterilise all equipment Heat metal loop in bunsen flame to sterlise Remove lid of culture bottle - hold at angle to minimise microbes in the air Replace lid to prevent contamination Spread microbes over the afar in the Petri dish by scraping the loop over the surface Reheat the metal loop to destroy any microbes on it Seal pratri dish with tape and incubate at 25°C Clean work surfaces and hands Dispose of bacterial culture by autoclaving

Question 41

Why should you incubate a petri dish at 25°C?

Answer 41

It allows the microbes to grow but not ones that can harm the human body

Question 42

List 4 poor lifestyle factors that can contribute to certain conditions

Answer 42

Poor diet (Excess sugar and fat) Lack of exercise Overexposure to UV light Missuse of drugs and alcohol

Question 43

List 4 reasons why people drink

Answer 43

Socialise Enjoy Curiosity Peer pressure

Question 44

List 3 reasons for reducing alcohol intake

Answer 44

Education Minimum alcohol unit pricing Improved labelling

Question 45

What disease can alcoholism and binge drinking cause?

Answer 45

Liver disease

Question 46

What can drinking during pregnancy cause?

Answer 46

Foetal alcohol syndrome

Question 47

Smoking cigarettes allows tar into your body, list 3 things that can cause

Answer 47

Cancer Bronchitis Emphysema

Question 48

List 2 reasons why nicotine is bad

Answer 48

Addictive Effects heart rate

Question 49

What does carbon monoxide reduce?

Answer 49

Reduces Oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

Question 50

Is the cell division in cancer controlled or uncontrolled?

Answer 50

Uncontrolled cell division

Question 51

List the 2 types of cancerous tumours

Answer 51

Benign and Maligant

Question 52

What is a benign cancer tumour ?

Answer 52

A tumour that is encapsulated and can’t spread

Question 53

What is a maligant tumour?

Answer 53

A tumour that can spread

Question 54

List 3 life style factors that affect the risk of developing cancer. (1 reduce, 2 increase. )

Answer 54

HPV Vaccine - reduces risk of developing cancer Smoking - Increases risk of lung cancer UV Radiation - increases risk of skin cancer

Question 55

What is the name given to the process in which a phagocyte surrounds, engulfs and digests something?

Answer 55

Phagocytosis

Question 56

What type of chemical treats bacterial diseases?

Answer 56

Anti-biotic

Question 57

What type of organism produces anti-biotics?

Answer 57

Fungus/Fungi

Question 58

What type of cancer can HPV lead to?

Answer 58

Cervical Cancer

Question 59

Name the 3 types of microorganisms

Answer 59

Bacteria, Virus and Fungi

Question 60

What are the 3 types of micro organisms?

Answer 60

Virus, Bacteria and Fungi

Question 61

What type of microorganism is chlamydia, salmonella and tuberculosis?

Answer 61

Bacteria

Question 62

What type of microorganism is HIV, the cold and flu and HPV?

Answer 62

Virus

Question 63

What type of microorganism is athletes foot and potato blight?

Answer 63

Fungi