B3

Question 1

What is an organelle?

Answer 1

A sub-cellular structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Question 2

Examples of organelles

Answer 2

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Cell membrane, Cell Wall, Ribosomes, Vacuole, Chloroplasts

Question 3

What is a cell?

Answer 3

The basic unit of all living things

Question 4

Example of cells

Answer 4

blood cells, nerve cells, sperm cells, root hair cells etc.

Question 5

What is a tissue?

Answer 5

A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.

Question 6

example of tissues

Answer 6

Muscle tissue, Glandular tissue, Epithelial tissue

Question 7

What is an organ?

Answer 7

A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function.

Question 8

Example of organs

Answer 8

heart, lungs, brain, stomach etc.

Question 9

What is an organ system?

Answer 9

A group of organs working together to perform a particular function

Question 10

example of organ system

Answer 10

digestive system, nervous system, circulatory system, skeletal system, reproductive system etc.

Question 11

What is an organism?

Answer 11

A living thing

Question 12

What is a catalyst?

Answer 12

A substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up in the reaction

Question 13

What are enzymes?

Answer 13

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

Question 14

What are enzymes made of?

Answer 14

Proteins which are synthesised in the ribosomes

Question 15

4 types of enzymes?

Answer 15

Protease, Amylase, Lipase, Carbohydrase

Question 16

Which part of the enzyme does the substrate bind to?

Answer 16

Active site; also where the reaction occurs

Question 17

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 17

sugars and starches

Question 18

What are carbohydrates used for?

Answer 18

Provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many basic foods.

Question 19

What is starch broken down into?

Answer 19

glucose and maltose

Question 20

What enzyme breaks down starch?

Answer 20

amylase

Question 21

What are lipids?

Answer 21

fats and oils

Question 22

What are lipids used for?

Answer 22

long term energy storage

Question 23

What are lipids broken down into?

Answer 23

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 24

What enzyme breaks down lipids?

Answer 24

lipase

Question 25

What are proteins?

Answer 25

polymers of amino acids

Question 26

What are proteins used for?

Answer 26

growth and repair

Question 27

What are proteins broken down into?

Answer 27

long chains of amino acids

Question 28

What enzyme breaks down proteins?

Answer 28

protease

Question 29

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 29

Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine

Question 30

Where is protease produced?

Answer 30

Stomach, pancreas, small intestine

Question 31

Where is lipase produced?

Answer 31

Pancreas and small intestine

Question 32

Test for starch

Answer 32

Iodine solution -Positive: Blue-black -Negative: Orange-yellow

Question 33

Test for sugars (glucose)

Answer 33

Benedict's solution + heat -Positive: Orange-red -Negative: No change (blue)

Question 34

Test for protein

Answer 34

Biuret solution - Positive: Purple - Negative: No change (blue)

Question 35

Test for fats/oils (lipids)

Answer 35

Ethanol and Water (emulsion) - Positive: Cloudy White layer - Negative: No cloudy white layer

Question 36

Factors affecting enzyme activity

Answer 36

Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration

Question 37

Name given to the shape of the active site when it has changed and the substrate can no longer bind

Answer 37

Denatured

Question 38

Optimum temperature for enzymes

Answer 38

37˚C body temp

Question 39

Where is hydrochloric acid produced?

Answer 39

Stomach

Question 40

Where is bile produced and stored?

Answer 40

In the liver and stored in the gall bladder

Question 41

function of hydrochloric acid

Answer 41

helps break down food

Question 42

function of bile

Answer 42

emulsify (break down) fats

Question 43

where is bile released?

Answer 43

small intestine

Question 44

pH of stomach

Answer 44

Acidic

Question 45

pH of small intestine

Answer 45

Alkaline