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biology > B3 > Flashcards

B3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

A disease that can be spread from person to person for example measles

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2
Q

How are communicable diseases spread?

A

Communicable Diseases are spread by pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses

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3
Q

What is a noncommunicable disease?

A

Noncommunicable diseases cannot be passed from person to person for example coronary heart disease

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4
Q

What is the definition for health?

A

Health is defined as the state of physical and mental well-being

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5
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Pathogens or microorganisms that cause infectious disease

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6
Q

How are pathogen spread?

A

Pathogens are spread in the air,water and direct contact

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7
Q

What do anti biotics do?

A

Antibiotics, kill infected bacteria inside the human body without harming body cells

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8
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

The white blood cell detect chemicals released from the pathogen and are moves towards it

The white blood cell then ingests pathogens

The white blood cell uses enzymes to destroy pathogens

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9
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Antibodies are protein molecules produced by white blood cells

Antibodies are also extremely specific

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10
Q

What do antibodies do?

A

Antibodies stick to the pathogens and trigger the pathogen to be destroyed

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11
Q

what is the job on the non specific defence system

A

to stop pathogens from entering the blood stream

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12
Q

what happens in the immune sytem when skin in damaged

A

pathogen can enter the skin

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13
Q

how do bacteria cause disease

A

once inside the body they divide rapidly by binary fusion, they kill cells

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14
Q

how do viruses cause disease

A

they invade and reproduce in living body cells,damaging the cells

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15
Q

how does skin prevent pathogens from entering the body

A

-acts as a physical barrier
-scab formation

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16
Q

how does the repiratory system prevent pathogens entering the body

A

-nose,nose hairs and mucus trap pathogens
-trachea and bronchi have mucus that trap pathogens

17
Q

how do antitoxins protuct us from disease

A

bind to toxins released by pathogens and neutralise them

18
Q

what is a vaccination

A

-contain dead or inactivated form of pathogens,which stimulates white blood cells to produce complimentary antibodies

19
Q

what are advantages of vaccination

A

-eradicated many deadly diseases
-many epidemics can be prevented by vaccinations

20
Q

disadvantages of vaccinations

A

-may not work
-side effects

21
Q

what drugs are used to kill bacterial diseases and how do they work

A

antibiotics, kill pathogens without harming body cells

22
Q

what is antibiotic resistance

A

when mutations lead to pathogens being resistant to antibiotics,these pathogens are able to reproduce

23
Q

what factors are tested when testing a new drug

A

-efficacy
-toxicity
-dose

24
Q

what are monoclonal antibodies

A

-antibodies that are clones from one type of plant cell
-specific to one type of antigen

25
Q

what are the uses of monoclonal antibodies

A

-detect pathogens
-location of cancer cells and blood clot
-treatment of cancer
-pregnancy tests

26
Q

what is tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)

A

a plant pathogen which causes leaf discoloration when cells are damaged limiting photosynthesis

27
Q

how is TMV spread

A

contact between healthy and infected plants,insects may act as vectors spreading the virus

28
Q

what is salmonella and how can we reduce it

A

-bacteria in raw meat,eggs and poultry
-cook meat thoroughly
-vaccinate animals
-disinfect hands and surfaces after dealing with raw meat

29
Q

what is gonorrhea and what are the symptoms

A

STI caused by sex with infected individual
-green/yellow discharge
-painful urination

30
Q

what is rose black spot

A

fungal disease which causes purple or black spots to develop on rose leaves reducing photosynthesis and causing the plant to die

31
Q

how is rose black spot spread and how can it be treated

A

fungal spores spread by wind and water
-treated using fungicides and destroying infected leaves

32
Q

what is malaria and what is it caused by

A

disease caused by protist pathogens,the disease is carried from host to host by mosquitoes which bite people

33
Q

what are symptoms of malaria

A

fever and shaking

34
Q

how can spread of malaria be reduced

A

-insecticides
-using insect nets
-prevent mosquito breeding by removing stagnant water
-antimalarial drugs

35
Q

what pathogen causes gonorrhea

A

bacterium

36
Q

what pathogen causes measles

A

virus

37
Q

what pathogen causes malaria

A

protist

38
Q

what pathogen is rose black spot caused by

A

fungus

39
Q

symptoms of salmonella

A

-fever
-abdominal cramps
-sickness
-diarrhea

biology (9 decks)

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