B3

Question 1

What is a tissue

Answer 1

A tissue is a group of cells with a similar structre and function working to together.

Question 2

What is an organ

Answer 2

Organs are a collection of tissues. Organs contain several tissues, all working together too form a specific task.

Question 3

Tissues in the organ.

Answer 3

Muscle tissue-to churn food and digestive juices of the stomach together
Glandular tissue-to produce digestive juices
Epithelial tissue-coats the outside and inside of the muscle.

Question 4

What is an Organ system

Answer 4

A organ system is group of organs working together too form a similar function.

Question 5

What does the digestive system do

Answer 5

It breaks down large insoluble molecules so it can be soluble and we absorb all the molecules

Question 6

What is the digestive system

Answer 6

An organ system

Question 7

How does the digestive system move food through it

Answer 7

It uses muscular tubes to move it across

Question 8

What does the glands make and release

Answer 8

They release digestive juices counting enzymes to break down food

Question 9

Where does the body break down large insoluble molecules so it can be soluble

Answer 9

In the stomach and the small intestine and enzymes are used to break down the food

Question 10

Where does the food molecules get absorbed

Answer 10

In the small intestine

Question 11

Adaptation of the small intestine

Answer 11

• it has a large surface area as it is covered in villi
• it has a good blood supply
• it has a short diffusion distance to the blood

Question 12

What transports the food molecules around the body

Answer 12

Your blood

Question 13

Where does the small intestine squeeze undigested food too

Answer 13

The large intestine

Question 14

What does the the large intestine do

Answer 14

It absorbs water from the undigested food to produce faeces

Question 15

What does the lives produce for the digestive system

Answer 15

Bile

Question 16

What does bile help digest

Answer 16

Lipids

Question 17

What do carbohydrates provide us with

Answer 17

Fuel too make all other reaction of life possible

Question 18

What chemical elements do carbohydrates contain

Answer 18

Carbon,hydrogen and oxygen

Question 19

What are carbohydrates made off (not elements)

Answer 19

Units of sugar

Question 20

What are carbohydrates counting 1 sugar unit called

Answer 20

Glucose

Question 21

What is an example of two sugar units joined together

Answer 21

Sucrose

Question 22

What are small carbohydrates (sugar) units called

Answer 22

Simple sugars

Question 23

What are examples of complex carbohydrates

Answer 23

Starch and cellulose

Question 24

What are are complex carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose made up of

Answer 24

Long chains of simple sugars bonded together

Question 25

What are carbohydrate-rich food

Answer 25

- bread - rice - pasta - potatoes

Question 26

What will happen to most of the carbohydrates you eat

Answer 26

They will be broken down to glucose and be used in cellular respiration

Question 27

What are lipids

Answer 27

Lipids are fats (solids) and oils (liquids)

Question 28

What are the functions of lipids

Answer 28

They are efficient energy stores and are a important source of energy in your diet

Question 29

How does lipids act on water

Answer 29

Lipids are insoluble in water so they don't mix

Question 30

Where and why are lipids important

Answer 30

In your cell membrane as they act as hormones they are also important to the nervous system

Question 31

What chemical elements are lipids made of

Answer 31

Carbon,hydrogen and oxygen (like carbohydrates)

Question 32

Lipids are made of what (not chemical elements)

Answer 32

Three molecules of fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol

Question 33

What remains the same in lipids

Answer 33

The glycerol but the fatty acids can vary

Question 34

What makes lipids fats (solids) or oils (liquids)

Answer 34

The different combinations of fatty acids

Question 35

What are the uses of proteins

Answer 35

To build cells and tissues of your body it also basis to all enzymes

Question 36

What chemical elements make up proteins

Answer 36

Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen and nitogen

Question 37

What are types of protein rich foods

Answer 37

- meat - fish - pulses(chickpea,peas,baked beans etc) - cheese

Question 38

What are proteins made up of (not elements)

Answer 38

Long chains of amino acids

Question 39

How many different type of amino acids are there

Answer 39

Around 20 different types

Question 40

How do we get different proteins

Answer 40

By different arrangements in the long chain of amino acid

Question 41

Why are the long chains of amino acids (to make proteins) are folded,coiled and twisted

Answer 41

To make specific 3D shapes so other molecules can fit inside them

Question 42

The bonds that hold the proteins in specific shapes are sensitive too what and what happens if these go over

Answer 42

The bonds that hold the protein in shape are sensitive to temperature and pH and if these go over the shape of the proteins is lost (as the bond would have been broken) and the protein becomes denatured

Question 43

What are the functions of proteins

Answer 43

They acts as: - structural components in tissues such as muscles - hormones such as insulin - antibodies that destroy pathogens - enzymes which act as catalyst

Question 44

What is a catalyst

Answer 44

A catalyst speeds up a reaction without being being used up

Question 45

What controls chemical reaction in you body

Answer 45

Enzymes

Question 46

What are enzymes

Answer 46

Biological catalysts

Question 47

How many substrates (reactants) does the enzymes react with

Answer 47

Each enzymes interacts with one particular substrates (reactants)

Question 48

What type of molecule are enzymes

Answer 48

Protein

Question 49

Why is the enzyme's shape vital to it's function

Answer 49

As enzymes use active sites which have unique shapes so it can react with a substrate molecules

Question 50

What is the theory called for how enzymes work

Answer 50

Lock and key

Question 51

How does the lock and key theory work

Answer 51

The substate fits into the enzymes active site and the two bind together and the enzyme either binds the substrate or breaks it up. The substrate is then released from the surface of the enzyme

Question 52

Do enzymes change reactions in any way

Answer 52

No they just make the reaction happen faster

Question 53

What is metabolism

Answer 53

Metabolism is the sum of all the reaction in a cell or in the body

Question 54

What controls the metabolism

Answer 54

enzymes

Question 55

What relative temperature does chemical reaction take place in cells

Answer 55

Relativity low temperature

Question 56

What happens to enzymes reaction as the temperature increases

Answer 56

Rate of reaction increases but this only true up to about 40ºc then the enzymes get denatured

Question 57

What does denatured mean

Answer 57

When an enzyme gets denatured it means its bonds breaks and the active site no longer works

Question 58

pH effect on Enzymes

Answer 58

Different enzymes work best in different pH's so a change in pH effects them

Question 59

Where do most you enzymes work

Answer 59

Inside cells

Question 60

Where do digestive enzymes work

Answer 60

Outside your cell

Question 61

What produces the digestive enzymes

Answer 61

Salivary glands and your pancreas

Question 62

How does the enzymes come into contact with the food

Answer 62

The digestive tube has a large surface area and the broken down food further increases the surface area.

Question 63

How do each area of the digestive system differ to allow enzymes to work as efficiently as possible

Answer 63

Each area has a different pH level such as: - the mouth and small intestine(slightly alkaline) - the stomach(which is acidic)

Question 64

What are the enzymes that break dow carbohydrates called

Answer 64

Carbohydrases

Question 65

What enzyme catalyses the breaking down of starch into sugars

Answer 65

Amylase

Question 66

Where is amylase produced

Answer 66

In the mouth and the pancreas

Question 67

What enzyme breaks down protein into amino acids

Answer 67

Protease

Question 68

What enzyme breaks down fatty acids into glycerol

Answer 68

Lipase