B4. 1 adaptation to enviorment Flashcards
habitat
geographical or physical location where an organism or a group of organisms lives and interacts with its surroundings
biotic factors
associated with living or once living organisms– living factors which have impact on feeding, predetor, prey symbiotic mutualistic or other forms of independant relationships
abiotic factors
associated with non living components- non living physical factors, they have an influence on specific adaptations of organism to live in their respective enviorment
what is used to describe the habitat of a species
geographical location
physical location
ecosystem
adaptations of plants growing in high altitudes
will have high UV, low temperatures, water scarsity, make absorbing water and nutrients difficult
- white reflective body hair
- stunted growth
- thick leaves to store nutrients
adaptations of plants growing in dunes
challange with water conservation and tolerance of high salt concentration hinders water uptake by osmosis
- underground stems- stability, extend underground for water
- roled leaves and waxy cuticle
- accumulation of carbohydrates in leaf cells- increases osmotic potential
- stomata in indentations keep humid air with no exposure to wind
adaptations in waterlogged soil
high salt, mud, sheltered
- cable roots- which grow intp air and absorb oxygen, providing stability
- stilt roots growing downwards, anchor trees into ground
- boyant seeds- can be carried away by ocean currrents allowing dispersal to fertile soil
- salt glands in leaves- excess salt removal due to increased salt water uptake
what do abiotic variables affect
species distribution such as water availability and temperature, light intensity, soil PH, soild salinity and availability of mineral nutrients
range of tolerance of a limiting factor
line transect: organism found at regular sample points
belt transect- quadrats placed, abundance of organisms recorded
coral reef formation
they form in suitable marine ecosystems marine ecosystems with tiny algae cells called zoocathallae. they dorm rocky structure in reef and perform photosynthesis in a mutualistic relationship
coral reefs need what to survive
low depth- so light can penatrate
clarity- tubidity prevents light
salinity-avoids osmotic problems
warm temperature- optimal temp for coral and zooxanthaloe PH abpve 7.8 to allow deposition of caco3
biome
biogeographical unit consisting of a biological community that has formed in response to the physical enviorment they are found in- shared regional climate
animals living in the same biome…
are likley to have the same adaptations
main abiotic factors that determaine the distribution of terrestrial biomes
earths temperature and anual rainfall
tropical biome
high temp
minimal seasonal variation
high rain
very high biodiverdiversity
temperate biome
medium temp
warm summers and cold winters
medium/high rain
brad leaves which fall
taiga biome
low temp
short summers long winters
medium/high temp
evergreen forests dominated by coniter trees
desert
high temp
minimal seasonal variation
low precipitation
little vegetation with spiked]s
grassland biome
high/medium temp
dry and cold seasons
medium/high precipitation
grass species, little tree growth from lack of water
Tundra biome
very low temp
short summers, very cold winters
medium/ low precipitation
no trees from lack of water, soil frozen
adaptation of cacti in hot desert
spiles- protect and reduce water loss
thick flesh stems to store water
waxy coating redued water loss and reflecr heat
deep root systems
‘reduced number of stomata
spines insulate cactus
adaptation of funnec fox in desert
large ears to cool down
thick fur to protect from sun warm at night + camoflauge
furry feet for digging
adaptation of spider monkey in a tropical forest
long prehensile tails that swing and grasp + longs arms
binocular and colour vision= precise
benhavoral adaptation to help them scare away the predetors
sparse fur to reduce insulation
adaptation of tropical blue dart frog
bright skin thats toxic
moist permeable skin
small size for agility
heat tolerance staying in shaded areas
