B4 - organising animals and plants

Question 1

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 1

A chemical used to carry the oxygen in the blood.

Question 2

What is oxyhaemoglobin?

Answer 2

The chemical haemoglobin combined with oxygen.

Question 3

What is the white blood cells job?

Answer 3

To fight infection.

Question 4

What are antitioxins?

Answer 4

Chemicals that are used to destroy the poisons produced by the bacteria.

Question 5

What are platelets job?

Answer 5

their job is to produce a network of fibres to form blood clots

Question 6

What are the 4 substances carried in blood plasma?

Answer 6

water, glucose, amino acids and carbon dioxide

Question 7

What are the three different types of blood vessels?

Answer 7

arteries, veins and capillaries

Question 8

What are the thickest type of blood vessels?

Answer 8

arteries

Question 9

What are the thinnest blood vessels?

Answer 9

Capillaries

Question 10

What are arteries job?

Answer 10

to carry blood AWAY from your heart and to the organs

Question 11

What is the job of veins?

Answer 11

To carry blood away from the organs towards your heart

Question 12

What is the job of capillaries?

Answer 12

Forms a huge network of tiny vessels linking the arteries and veins.

Question 13

Why are capillaries so thin?

Answer 13

So substances such as oxygen and glucose can diffuse easily out of your blood and into your cells.

Question 14

What side of the heart is thicker?

Answer 14

Left

Question 15

Why is the left side of the heart thicker?

Answer 15

So it can pump blood further because it has to go around the whole body.

Question 16

What are the large chambers in the heart called?

Answer 16

Ventricles

Question 17

Why is the human system referred to as a double-system?

Answer 17

It has to pump blood to the body and back

Question 18

Why do veins have valves?

Answer 18

To prevent the back flow of blood

Question 19

What are the three stages in the cardiac cycle?

Answer 19

1. Atria contracts
2. Ventricles contracts
3. Heart relaxes

Question 20

What are biological valve replacements?

Answer 20

When atrioventricular valves become leaky so they are replaced by donated valves

Question 21

Why are artificial hearts needed?

Answer 21

These are used when their heart fails but only temporarily. Used until a donor is found.

Question 22

What is a stent?

Answer 22

Mesh structures that are inserted in coronary arteries to keep them open

Question 23

What are statins?

Answer 23

Medication used to reduce blood cholesterol and slows down the formation of fatty deposits

Question 24

What are artificial valve replacements?

Answer 24

When atrioventricular valves become leaky and are replaced by synthetically produced valves

Question 25

What are artificial pacemakers?

Answer 25

They are used to correct irregularities in heart rate

Question 26

What are heart transplants?

Answer 26

During heart failure a person receives a donated heart to continue to live

Question 27

What is the definition for respiration?

Answer 27

2 chemical reactions in cells that release energy

Question 28

What is the definition for ventilation (breathing)?

Answer 28

Pushing gases into and out of the lungs due to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 29

What is the definition for gas exchange?

Answer 29

Diffusion of gases between blood, cells and the lungs

Question 30

Contracting ____ intercostal muscles pull the ribs in and down, increasing thoracic pressure.

Answer 30

Internal

Question 31

Contracting ___ intercostal muscles pull the ribs out and up, decreasing thoracic pressure.

Answer 31

External

Question 32

What is the order of the tissues in the blade part of the leaf?

Answer 32

Upper epidermis Palisade mesophyll Spongy mesophyll Lower epidermis

Question 33

What’s the job of the upper epidermis?

Answer 33

Covered in wax for waterproofing

Question 34

What’s the job of the lower epidermis?

Answer 34

Supports guard cells which open/ close stomata

Question 35

What’s the job of the palisade mesophyll?

Answer 35

Contains chloroplasts which carry out photosynthesis

Question 36

What’s the job of the spongy mesophyll?

Answer 36

Has air spaces and large surface area for diffusing gases easier.

Question 37

What are the 3 tissues in the midrib of a leaf?

Answer 37

Xylem Phloem Meristems

Question 38

What are meristems?

Answer 38

Unspecialised cells so they can differentiate into any cell

Question 39

What’s the job of the xylem and phloem?

Answer 39

To transport tissues in plants

Question 40

Where does translocation occur?

Answer 40

Phloem vessles

Question 41

What do phloem vessels transport?

Answer 41

Dissolved sugars from leaves to the rest of the plant for respiration or storage.

Question 42

Why do we use translocation?

Answer 42

So the sugars release energy for respiration or stored as starch.

Question 43

Where does transpiration occur?

Answer 43

Xylem vessels

Question 44

What are being transported in the xylem vessels?

Answer 44

Water and mineral ions are being transported from the roots to leaves

Question 45

Why do we use transpiration streams and transpiration?

Answer 45

We use the water for photosynthesis and water also evaporated from stomata to draw more water in at the roots.

Question 46

What is a transpiration stream?

Answer 46

The transport of water from the roots to the leaves in the xylem

Question 47

What is transpiration?

Answer 47

The evaporation of water from the stomata of leaves which drives the transpiration stream.

Question 48

What are factors affecting transpiration?

Answer 48

Temperature Windspeed Humidity Light intensity (sunlight intensity)