B5-001 Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

relative insulin deficiency

Answer 1

Type 1

Question 2

variable degrees of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, excessive hepatic glucose production

Answer 2

type 2

Question 3

what test can be used to determine Type 1 vs type 2 diabetes?

Answer 3

glutamic acid decarboxylase 65

Question 4

autoimmune mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells

Answer 4

Type 1

Question 5

must be treated with insulin
insulin dependent

Answer 5

type 1

Question 6

insulin resistance + insulin deficiency to overcome

Answer 6

type 2

Question 7

treated with lifestyle changes, oral medications, and/or insulin

Answer 7

type 2

Question 8

classic presentation of diabetes mellitus

Answer 8

• polyuria, polydipsia
• extreme fatigue
• blurry vision
• weight loss
• neuropathy

Question 9

inciting factors for patients to present in DKA or HHS

Answer 9

infection
stress
MI

Question 10

velvety-to-verrucous, gray-to-brown thickening of the skin in folds and neck

Answer 10

acanthrosis nigricans

signals insulin resistance

Question 11

impaired glucose tolerance
impaired fasting glucose

Answer 11

prediabetes

Question 12

blood glucose levels higher than normal but not high enough for DM 2

Answer 12

pre diabetes

Question 13

screening for pre-diabetes should begin at age […] regardless of risk factors

Answer 13

35

every 3 years

Question 14

4 tests to diagnose DM 2?

Answer 14

• random glucose > 200
• fasting glucose > 126
• A1C > 6.5%
• oral glucose tolerance >200

Question 15

target A1C for DM 2

Answer 15

<7%

Question 16

target fasting glucose for DM 2?

Answer 16

80-130

Question 17

target random glucose for DM 2?

Answer 17

<180

Question 18

medication for patients with ASCVD, HF, CKD

2

Answer 18

GLP-1 agonists
SGLT 2

Question 19

microvasular complications of diabetes

Answer 19

retinopathy
nephropathy
neuropathy

Question 20

macrovascular complications of diabetes

Answer 20

stroke
CVD
peripheral vascular disease

leading causes of mobidity and mortality

Question 21

first line therapy is always

Answer 21

lifestyle modifications

Question 22

hypertension definition

Answer 22

130/80

Question 23

improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes

Answer 23

GLP1 agonists -injectable
SGLT 2 -pill

Question 24

first indicator of nephropathy

Answer 24

microalbuminuria

Question 25

when should patients with DM 2 be screen for nephropathy?

Answer 25

at diagnosis and at least anually

Question 26

start [...] in patients with micro/macroalbuminuria and hypertension

Answer 26

ACE ARB

Question 27

SGLT2 can still be considered in patients with kidney disease if GFR is over

Answer 27

20

Question 28

reduce development of ESRD in patients with diabetes

Answer 28

SGLT2 | -flozin

Question 29

when should DM1 be screened for retinopathy?

Answer 29

within 5 years | dilated eye exam

Question 30

when should DM2 be screened for retinopathy?

Answer 30

at diagnosis | dilated eye exam

Question 31

reduce risk of vision loss in patients with high-risk diabetic neuropathy

Answer 31

* panretinal photocoagulation therapy * anti-VEGF

Question 32

risk factors for DM2

Answer 32

* obesity * ethnicity * physical inactivity | many more but i am too lazy

Question 33

result of elevated insulin levels causing stimulation of the keratinocytes in the skin

Answer 33

acanthosis nigricans

Question 34

initiating an exercise routine of [...] /week can delay/prevent DM2

Answer 34

150 min/week

Question 35

what is measured to test for diabetic nephropathy?

Answer 35

microalbumin

Question 36

most sensitive early test for DM2

Answer 36

2 hr post glucose tolerance test

Question 37

medication that can promote a 7-8% weight and improve A1C

Answer 37

GLP-1 agonists

Question 38

medication associated with 3-4% weight loss

Answer 38

SLGT2i

Question 39

weight neutral medication

Answer 39

DPP-4i

Question 40

medication that causes weight gain

Answer 40

sulfonylureas

Question 41

marked reduction in the development of ESRD in patients with diabetes

Answer 41

SLGT2i | -flozins

Question 42

-flozins

Answer 42

SGLT2

Question 43

reduce albuminuria and loss of GFR

Answer 43

SGLT2i | -flozins

Question 44

what should be considered a second line after metformin for patients with DM2 and CKD?

Answer 44

SGLTi | -flozin