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GIR Test 3 > B5-001 Diabetes Mellitus > Flashcards

B5-001 Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards

1
Q

relative insulin deficiency

A

Type 1

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2
Q

variable degrees of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, excessive hepatic glucose production

A

type 2

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3
Q

what test can be used to determine Type 1 vs type 2 diabetes?

A

glutamic acid decarboxylase 65

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4
Q

autoimmune mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells

A

Type 1

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5
Q

must be treated with insulin
insulin dependent

A

type 1

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6
Q

insulin resistance + insulin deficiency to overcome

A

type 2

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7
Q

treated with lifestyle changes, oral medications, and/or insulin

A

type 2

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8
Q

classic presentation of diabetes mellitus

A
  • polyuria, polydipsia
  • extreme fatigue
  • blurry vision
  • weight loss
  • neuropathy
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9
Q

inciting factors for patients to present in DKA or HHS

A

infection
stress
MI

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10
Q

velvety-to-verrucous, gray-to-brown thickening of the skin in folds and neck

A

acanthrosis nigricans

signals insulin resistance

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11
Q

impaired glucose tolerance
impaired fasting glucose

A

prediabetes

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12
Q

blood glucose levels higher than normal but not high enough for DM 2

A

pre diabetes

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13
Q

screening for pre-diabetes should begin at age […] regardless of risk factors

A

35

every 3 years

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14
Q

4 tests to diagnose DM 2?

A
  • random glucose > 200
  • fasting glucose > 126
  • A1C > 6.5%
  • oral glucose tolerance >200
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15
Q

target A1C for DM 2

A

<7%

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16
Q

target fasting glucose for DM 2?

A

80-130

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17
Q

target random glucose for DM 2?

A

<180

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18
Q

medication for patients with ASCVD, HF, CKD

2

A

GLP-1 agonists
SGLT 2

19
Q

microvasular complications of diabetes

A

retinopathy
nephropathy
neuropathy

20
Q

macrovascular complications of diabetes

A

stroke
CVD
peripheral vascular disease

leading causes of mobidity and mortality

21
Q

first line therapy is always

A

lifestyle modifications

22
Q

hypertension definition

A

130/80

23
Q

improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes

A

GLP1 agonists -injectable
SGLT 2 -pill

24
Q

first indicator of nephropathy

A

microalbuminuria

25
Q

when should patients with DM 2 be screen for nephropathy?

A

at diagnosis
and at least anually

26
Q

start […] in patients with micro/macroalbuminuria and hypertension

A

ACE
ARB

27
Q

SGLT2 can still be considered in patients with kidney disease if GFR is over

A

20

28
Q

reduce development of ESRD in patients with diabetes

A

SGLT2

-flozin

29
Q

when should DM1 be screened for retinopathy?

A

within 5 years

dilated eye exam

30
Q

when should DM2 be screened for retinopathy?

A

at diagnosis

dilated eye exam

31
Q

reduce risk of vision loss in patients with high-risk diabetic neuropathy

A
  • panretinal photocoagulation therapy
  • anti-VEGF
32
Q

risk factors for DM2

A
  • obesity
  • ethnicity
  • physical inactivity

many more but i am too lazy

33
Q

result of elevated insulin levels causing stimulation of the keratinocytes in the skin

A

acanthosis nigricans

34
Q

initiating an exercise routine of […] /week can delay/prevent DM2

A

150 min/week

35
Q

what is measured to test for diabetic nephropathy?

A

microalbumin

36
Q

most sensitive early test for DM2

A

2 hr post glucose tolerance test

37
Q

medication that can promote a 7-8% weight and improve A1C

A

GLP-1 agonists

38
Q

medication associated with 3-4% weight loss

A

SLGT2i

39
Q

weight neutral medication

A

DPP-4i

40
Q

medication that causes weight gain

A

sulfonylureas

41
Q

marked reduction in the development of ESRD in patients with diabetes

A

SLGT2i

-flozins

42
Q

-flozins

A

SGLT2

43
Q

reduce albuminuria and loss of GFR

A

SGLT2i

-flozins

44
Q

what should be considered a second line after metformin for patients with DM2 and CKD?

A

SGLTi

-flozin

GIR Test 3 (16 decks)

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