B5 communicable diseases Flashcards
communicable disease
can be passed from one person to another
factors affecting health
diet
stres
life situations: gender, ethnicity, part of world where you live, levels of health care, no. of children, financial status, local sewage and rubbish disposal
health
state of physical and mental well being- not just the absence of disease
bacteria
rapidly reproduce inside body
release toxins to make host feel ill
can be spread by contact, air or water
viruses
live and rapidly reproduce inside cells, causing cell damage
can be spread by contact, air or water
temp to grow bacteria
max 25C to avoid growing bacteria that could be harmful to humans
investigating effectiveness of antibiotics
using agar plates, bacteria
calculate cross sectional area of colonies grown or of clear areas of agar
preventing spread of pathogens
isolate infected being
hygiene measures- washing hands
destroying vectors
vaccination
measles
by droplet infection
fever + rash
no cure
isolate patients + vaccinate
HIV
treated at early stage w antiretrovirals
late stage leads to AIDS
body system so damaged- unable to deal with other infections
by sexual contact/ exchanging bodily fluids
TMV
by contact + vectors
damages leaves - reduces photosynthesis
no treatment
prevented by field hygiene and pest control
salmonella
by undercooked food + poor hygiene
fever, cramps, dairrhoea, vomiting caused by toxins realeased
poultry vaccinated against disease
gonorrhoea
STD
discharge from penis/ vagina + pain on urination
antibiotics- many resistant strains
prevented by limiting sexual partners + using condoms
Rose black spot
fungal disease
by wind and water
leaves drop off- decreased photosynthesis
remove affected leaves + use chemical sprays
malaria
by parasitic protists (bite of female mozzies)
damages blood and liver cells
causes fevers and shaking
drugs effective if given early
prevent vectors breeding + use mosquito nets to prevent bites
