B5- Homeostasis And Response

Question 1

What are control systems made up of?

Answer 1

Receptors

Coordination centres

Effectors

Question 2

How does a control system work?

Answer 2

Receptors detect a change in environment (stimulus)
They send this to the coordination centre and then it processes the information and organises a response
Effectors then produce a response

Question 3

What is the CNS?

Answer 3

Consists of the brain and spinal cord. It is connected to the body by sensory and motor neurones

Question 4

What are motor neurones?

Answer 4

They carry electrical impulses FROM the CNS to the effectors

Question 5

What are sensory neurones?

Answer 5

They carry information as electrical impulses FROM receptors TO the the CNS

Question 6

What are effectors?

Answer 6

They respond to electrical impulses and bring a change

Question 7

What are receptors?

Answer 7

They detect stimuli (changes in the environment) e.g ears detect sound

Question 8

Which gland in the body monitors and controls blood glucose concentration?

Answer 8

the pancreas

Question 9

Which hormone is produced when blood glucose concentration becomes too high?

Answer 9

insulin

Question 10

Where does the glucose in the blood go if the blood glucose level is too high?

Answer 10

in the liver

Question 11

What happens to the glucose when it reaches the liver?

Answer 11

it is stored into glycogen

Question 12

Why do people have type 1 diabetes?

Answer 12

because they produce little or no insulin

Question 13

How can type 1 diabetes be treated?

Answer 13

By insulin injections

Question 14

Give two treatments that a doctor would recommend for type 2 diabetes?

Answer 14

regular exercise

healthy diet

Question 15

Give a risk factor for type 2 diabetes

Answer 15

being overweight

Question 16

What are hormones?

Answer 16

They are chemicals released by glands which are released directly into the blood stream

Question 17

Where is the pituitary gland?

Answer 17

In the brain

Question 18

what is the role of the pituitary gland?

Answer 18

They release many hormones to regulate body conditios

Question 19

what does the thyroid gland do?

Answer 19

it produces thyroxine and regulates metabolism, heart rate and temperature

Question 20

where is the thyroid gland?

Answer 20

in the throat

Question 21

What does the adrenal gland do?

Answer 21

it produces adrenaline and triggers the flight or fight response

Question 22

Where is the pancreas?

Answer 22

underneath the stomach

Question 23

what is the role of the pancreas?

Answer 23

it produces insulin and regulates the blood glucose levels

Question 24

What is the role of the testes?

Answer 24

it produces testosterone and it controls sperm production and puberty in males

Question 25

what is the role of the ovaries?

Answer 25

it produces oestrogen and is involved in the menstruation cycle

Question 26

what are the differences between nerves and hormones?

Answer 26

nerves: very fast action, act for a very short time, act on a very precise area hormones: slower action, act for a long time, act in a more general way

Question 27

what is the main sex hormone in men?

Answer 27

testosterone

Question 28

where is the main sex hormone produced?

Answer 28

in the testes

Question 29

What is the role of the main sex hormone in men?

Answer 29

to produce sperm

Question 30

What is the name of the main female reproductive hormone produced in the ovary?

Answer 30

oestrogen

Question 31

what is the name of the process by which eggs are released from the ovary?

Answer 31

Ovulation

Question 32

how often is an egg released from an ovary?

Answer 32

every 28 days

Question 33

name the hormone that causes the release of an egg

Answer 33

LH

Question 34

what is the role of FSH?

Answer 34

causes an egg to mature in one of the ovaries

Question 35

what is the role of LH

Answer 35

causes the release of an egg (ovulation)

Question 36

what is the role of oestrogen and progesterone?

Answer 36

these hormones are involved in the growth and maintenance of the uterus lining

Question 37

what happens when the glucose concentration in the blood becomes too high?

Answer 37

insulin is produced by the pancreas and glucose moves into the liver and muscle cells to be stored as glycogen

Question 38

suggest how the progesterone level changes before a woman starts to bleed

Answer 38

the progesterone level will fall. progesterone helps to maintain the uterus lining so when the level drops, the lining breaks down and the woman will bleed

Question 39

what is the name of two hormonal forms of contraception?

Answer 39

contraceptive injection and the contraceptive patch

Question 40

how is an oral contraceptive taken into the body?

Answer 40

as a tablet taken by the mouth

Question 41

how do oral contraceptives containing multiple hormones prevent pregnancy?

Answer 41

the hormones stop FSH production

Question 42

the contraceptive implant is inserted under the skin of the arm. Which hormone does it release?

Answer 42

progesterone

Question 43

how does the hormone released by the contraceptive implant prevent pregnancy?

Answer 43

it stops the eggs maturing

Question 44

suggest one advantage of the contraceptive implant over an oral contraceptive

Answer 44

A woman doesnt have to think about the implant everyday and the chances of becoming pregnant remain low

Question 45

How do barrier methods of contraception prevent a woman from becoming pregnant?

Answer 45

they stop sperm from getting to an egg

Question 46

name a barrier method of contraception that protects against STD'S

Answer 46

condoms

Question 47

some barrier methods need to be used with spermicides. explain how spermicides help to prevent pregnancy

Answer 47

they kill sperm, preventing the egg from being fertilised

Question 48

a couple not wishing to have children do not want to use any form of contraception. suggest how they should avoid pregnancy

Answer 48

they should not have intercourse when the woman is at the point in her menstruation cycle when she is most likely to become pregnant