B6 & 7 Flashcards
(16 cards)
How did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin
Noticed that bacteria was not growing where mould was growing
Mould made a chemical which killed bacteria
What are called monoclonal
If all the antibodies come from one type of cell
What use monoclonal antibodies
Pregnancy tests
Diagnose disease
Treat disease
How do monoclonal antibodies treat cancer
Some trigger the immune system
Some block receptors on cancer cell to stop them dividing
Carry radioactive substances
Give a disadvantage of a monoclonal antibody
Side effects
What is a causal mechanism
Explains how one factor influences another through a biological process
What is a tumour
A mass of abnormally growing cells
Give 3 causes of cancer
Ionising radiation
Carcinogens
Genetics
What does tobacco contain
Nicotine
Carbon monoxide
Tar
Give 2 problems with smoking
Blood carries less oxygen around body due to carbon monoxide
What causes diabetes
Obesity
What can alcohol do to a pregnant womans baby
Facial deformities
Learning problems
How does a pregnancy test work
monoclonal antibodies bind to the hormone HCG which is produced in the early stages of pregnancy
tiny amount of the hormone are passed out in urine
the binding produces a colour change which signals positive
what is copd and how is it caused
causes breathing difficulties due to obstructed air flow
tar from the cigarette causes inflammation by lining the lungs
what is the causal link between smoking and cardiovascular disease
blood vessels in skin narrow
nicotine increases heart rate
some chemicals damage the lining of the blood vessels.
