B6 - Animal Nutrition Flashcards
(56 cards)
Define ingestion.
The taking in of substances, e.g. food and drink, into the body through the mouth.
Define digestion.
The breakdown of large, insoluble food molecules into small, water-soluble molecules using mechanical and chemical processes.
Define mechanical digestion.
The breakdown of food into smaller pieces withouht chemical change to the food molecules.
Define chemical digestion.
The breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules.
Define absorption.
Movement of digested food molecules through the wall of the intestine into the blood.
Define assimilation.
The movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cells.
Define egestion.
Passing out of food that has not been digested, as faeces, through the anus.
Define malnutrition.
Poor nutrition. Can be overnutrition or undernutrition.
Name two diseases that can come from overnutrition.
Obesity and Coronary Heart Disease.
What are the two types of protein deficiency?
Marasmus and Kwashiorkor.
What is kwashiorkor?
When a child has a poor diet in protein and the mental and physical development of the child may be impaired. Signs of this include a swollen abdomen. Children are often lethargic.
What is marasmus?
A general nutrient deficiency. All the body tissues waste away and the child is left very thin. The child is also alert and irritable.
What is a balanced diet?
A diet that provides all the nutrients, in the correct amounts, needed to carry out life processes.
What are the seven essential nutrients?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre, and water.
Name four factors that affect energy requirements?
Activity level
Age
Gender
Pregnancy
Name the function and source of carbs.
Provides energy.
Pasta, rice, sugar.
Name the function and source of fats.
Provides energy, acts as an energy store, insulation, protection of the organs.
Butter, oily fish.
Name the function and source of proteins.
Growth and repair of tissue and energy in emergencies.
Meat, fish, beans.
Name the function and source of Vitamin C.
Needed for tissue repair, immune system, and prevents scurvy.
Fruit (oranges)
Name the function and source of Vitamin D.
Needed for calcium absorption.
Eggs, oily fish.
Name the function and source of calcium.
Needed to make bones and teeth.
Milk, cheese.
Name the function and source of Iron.
Needed to make haemaglobin for healthy blood.
Red meat, beans.
Name the function and source of water.
Basically everything.
Food and drink.
Name the function and source of fibre.
Aids the movement of food through the gut (peristalsis).
Wholemeal bread, fruit.
