B7 - Transport

Question 1

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 1

A system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood.

Question 2

What is double circulation?

Answer 2

In mammals, when the heart pumps blood around the body in two circuits.

Question 3

What is the first circuit that blood takes in our body?

Answer 3

The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen [pulmonary artery] and oxygenated blood is returned from the lungs to the heart [pulmonary vein].

Question 4

What do arteries do?

Answer 4

Carry blood away from the heart.

Question 5

What do veins do?

Answer 5

Carry blood towards the heart.

Question 6

Name two advantages of a double circulatory system.

Answer 6

1. Blood can be pumped out of the heart at a higher pressure.
2. Blood can be pumped around the body faster - more oxygen delivered to cells.

Question 7

What is the vein called that receives blood from the head AND the body?

Answer 7

Vena Cava

Question 8

How many chambers does the heart have and what are they?

Answer 8

4.
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

Question 9

What is diastole?

Answer 9

Heart relaxes
Semi-lunar valves closed

Question 10

What is atrial systole?

Answer 10

• Atria contract at the same time forcing blood into ventricles
• Atrio-ventricular (Bi/tri-cuspid) valves open
• Semi-lunar valves closed

Question 11

What is ventricular systole?

Answer 11

• Ventricles contract from the bottom upwards which forces blood into the pulmonary artery or aorta.
• AV valves closed
• Semi-lunar valves open

Question 12

Name the two main blood vessels that transport blood to and from the kidneys.

Answer 12

Renal artery and renal vein.

Question 13

Name six risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Answer 13

1. Diet
2. Stress
3. Smoking
4. Genetic predisposition
5. Age
6. Gender

Question 14

What happens in coronary heart disease?

Answer 14

Coronary arteries narrow/become blocked by fatty buildup.
Blood isn’t able to get through.
Can cause a heart attack.

Question 15

Name the four components of blood.

Answer 15

1. Red blood cells
2. White blood cells
3. Platelets
4. Plasma

Question 16

What is the blood pressure for arteries, veins, and capillaries?

Answer 16

Arteries - very high
Veins - low
Capillaries - very low

Question 17

What is the thickness of muscular wall for arteries, veins, and capillaries?

Answer 17

Arteries - very thick
Veins - thin
Capillaries - none (one cell thick)

Question 18

What is the elastic tissue like in arteries, veins, and capillaries?

Answer 18

Arteries - very elastic
Veins - thin
Capillaries - none

Question 19

What is the size of the lumen in arteries, veins, capillaries?

Answer 19

Arteries - small
Veins - large
Capillaries - very small (one cell diameter)

Question 20

Are there valves in arteries, veins, and capillaries?

Answer 20

Arteries - no
Veins - yes
Capillaries - no

Question 21

Are arteries, veins, and capillaries permeable?

Answer 21

Arteries - no
Veins - no
Capillaries - yes

Question 22

Do arteries, veins, and capillaries have a pulse?

Answer 22

Arteries - yes
Veins, capillaries - no

Question 23

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 23

To carry oxygen bonded with haemaglobin as oxyhaemaglobin.

Question 24

State 3 features of red blood cells that adapt it to carry oxygen.

Answer 24

1. Biconcave disc shape to increase surface area so that more oxygen can be absorbed.
2. No nucleus - more room to carry oxygen.
3. Contain haemaglobin which bonds to oxygen and allows it to be transported around the body.

Question 25

What are the two types of white blood cells?

Answer 25

Phagocytes and lymphocytes.

Question 26

What is the role of phagocytes?

Answer 26

To detect antigens, chase them, surround them, engulf them, and digest them.

Question 27

What is the role of lymphocytes?

Answer 27

To produce antibodies that either kill antigens or mark them for consumption by phagocytes.

Question 28

Name 2 differences in the structure of lymphocytes and phagocytes.

Answer 28

1. Lymphocytes have a large nucleus that covers almost the whole cell and phagocytes have a smaller, irregular shaped nucleus. 2. Phagocytes have a granular cytoplasm.

Question 29

What is the role of platelets?

Answer 29

To clot and prevent loss of blood.

Question 30

What is the role of plasma? [5]

Answer 30

To transport blood cells, ions, soluble nutrients, hormones, and carbon dioxide.