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Question 1

Primary curves & exaggeration

Answer 1

thoracic & sacral -> kyphosis

Question 2

Secondary curves and exageration

Answer 2

Cervical & lumbar -> lordosis

Question 3

Vertebral body joints

Answer 3

Secondary cartilage IV discs

Question 4

Uncovertebral joints

Answer 4

C3-C6 uncinate processes

Question 5

Vertebral arch joints

Answer 5

between Superior and Inferior articular processes

Question 6

Anterior longitudinal ligament Function

Answer 6

prevents hyperextension

Question 7

Posterior longitudinal ligament function

Answer 7

prevents hyperflexion & disc herniation

Question 8

Ligamentum flava function

Answer 8

prevents abrupt flexion & prevents disc injury

Question 9

Atlanto-occipital joint and ligament function

Answer 9

head flexion & extension, lateral bending

Cruciate ligament

Question 10

Atlanto-axial joint function

Answer 10

head rotation

limited by alar ligament

Question 11

vertebral arteries supplying the neck

Answer 11

Vertebral artery

Ascending cervial artery

Question 12

Vertebral artery in thorax

Answer 12

P. intercostal arteries

Question 13

Vertebral artery in abdomen

Answer 13

Subcostal artery

Lumbar artery

Question 14

Vertebral artery in pelvis

Answer 14

Iliolumbar artery

Lateral & medial sacral arteries

Question 15

Arterial branch to ventral and dorsal roots

Answer 15

Terminal Radicular arteries

Question 16

Origin of IV discs & vertebral bodies

Answer 16

sclerotomes

Question 17

Origin of Nucleus Pulposus

Answer 17

notochord

Question 18

Origin of Neural Arch

Answer 18

Perimeter of Nerual Tube

Question 19

Origin of Ribs

Answer 19

Body Wall Mesenchyme

Question 20

Trapezius Innervation

Answer 20

CN XI

C3-C4

Question 21

Lat Innervation

Answer 21

Thoracodorsal n. C6-C8 from Posterior Chord

Question 22

Levator Scapulae Innervation

Answer 22

Dorsal Scapular n. C4-C5 from Upper Trunk

Cervical n. C3-C4

Question 23

Rhomboid Major & Minor Innervation

Answer 23

Dorsal Scapular n. C4-C5 from Upper Trunk

Question 24

Serratus Posterior Superior Innervation

Answer 24

Intercostal nn. 2-5

Question 25

Serratus Posterior Inferior Innervation

Answer 25

Intercostal nn. 9-11 | Subcostal nn.

Question 26

Intrinsic back muscle groups & innervation

Answer 26

Splenius Erector Spinae Transversospinales P. Rami Spinal nn.

Question 27

Function of Splenius muscle group

Answer 27

Lateral flexing Rotation Extension of head

Question 28

Erector Spinae Muscles

Answer 28

Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis

Question 29

Transversospinales Muscles & functions

Answer 29

Semispinales: extension & rotation Multifundus: rotation & stabilization Rotatores: propioception

Question 30

Notable feature of C1/Atlas

Answer 30

no vertebral body

Question 31

Dens process origin & function

Answer 31

from body of C1 | Pivot for skull

Question 32

Synch carotid artery at...

Answer 32

C6 Carotid tubercle

Question 33

C7/vertebra prominens has...

Answer 33

long spinous process

Question 34

Site for injecting anesthetic in sacrum

Answer 34

sacral hiatus

Question 35

Interspinous and supraspinous ligaments connect

Answer 35

spinous processes

Question 36

ligamentum nuchae runs from...

Answer 36

occipital to cervical spinous processes

Question 37

Intertransverse ligaments connect

Answer 37

adjacent transverse processes

Question 38

Alternate pathway if IVC is blocked

Answer 38

Internal and external venous plexuses of Spinal veins

Question 39

Trapezius origin-insertion

Answer 39

occipital, T12 - clavicle, acromion, scapula

Question 40

Lat origin-insertion

Answer 40

T7-T12, ribs, iliac crest - humerus

Question 41

Levator Scapulae origin-insertion

Answer 41

C1-C4 - Scapula

Question 42

Rhomboid Minor & major origin-insertion

Answer 42

C7-T5 - Scapula

Question 43

Serratus P.S. origin-insertion

Answer 43

C7-T3 -> Ribs

Question 44

Serratus P.I. origin-insertion

Answer 44

T11-L2 -> ribs