Back Myology Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
What kind of muscle is described by muscle on one side, tendon on the other?
A
Unipennate
2
Q
What kind of muscle is described by muscle on either side of a tendon?
A
Bipennate
3
Q
What kind of muscle appears to have multiple feathered muscle groups?
A
Multipennate
4
Q
What kind of muscles are feather-like?
A
Pennate
5
Q
What kind of muscles are spindle shaped with a thick central region and tapered ends?
A
Fusiform muscles
6
Q
What kind of muscles appear to have two bellies?
A
Digastric muscles
7
Q
What kind of muscle appears to be broken up by tendon?
A
Multiventral muscles
8
Q
What kind of muscles have multiple tendons (fingers and toes)?
A
Multicaudal muscles
9
Q
What muscles appear to have a jagged edge?
A
Serrated muscles
10
Q
What muscles surround openings?
A
Circular or sphincteral muscles
11
Q
What muscles appear to be square or equal-sided?
A
Quadrate muscles
12
Q
____ skeletal muscle activates a specific movement of the body
A
Agonist
13
Q
____ skeletal muscle opposes action of a specific movement of the body
A
Antagonist
14
Q
____ skeletal muscles complement actions of other muscle and prevent movement of an intervening joint when that muscle passes more than one joint
A
Synergist
15
Q
____ skeletal muscle stabilizes joints, or the proximal part of a joint while the distal portion is in motion
A
Fixator
16
Q
How many layers of the back?
A
6
17
Q
Which layers are extrinsic?
A
Layers 1, 2, and 3
18
Q
Which layers are intrinsic?
A
Layers 4, 5, and 6
19
Q
_____ layers are innervated by Posterior Rami
A
Intrinsic
20
Q
_____ layers are innervated by an Anterior Ramus or Cranial Nerve
A
Extrinsic
21
Q
Muscles of Layer 1
A
Trapezius M.
Latissimus Dorsi M.
22
Q
Origin of the Trapezius M.
A
Spinous processes of C7-T12, Ligamentum Nuchae, External Occipital Protuberance and medial 1/3 of Superior Nuchal Line of Occipital B.
23
Q
Insertion point of the Trapezius M.
A
Lateral 1/3 of the Clavicle, Acromion and Scapular Spine
24
Q
Action of the Trapezius Muscle
A
Rotates point of the Glenoid Cavity superiorly
Retracts scapula
Elevate and depresses scapula
Extends and flexes the neck bilaterally
Rotates face away when working unilaterally
25
Innervation of the Trapezius Muscle
Spinal Accessory Nerve
26
Origin of the Latissimus Dorsi M.
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Spinous processes of the T6-12
Ribs 9-12
Iliac Crest
Spinous Processes of L1-5
Median Sacral Crest
```
27
Insertion point of the Latissimus Dorsi M.
Floor of the Humeral Intertubercular Groove
28
Action of the Latissimus Dorsi M.
Extend, Adduct, and medially rotate the Humerus
| Rotate the Glenoid Cavity inferiorly
29
Innervation of the Lattisimus Dorsi M.
Thoracodorsal N.
30
Muscles of Layer 2
Rhomboid Major M.
Rhomboid Minor M.
Levator Scapulae M.
31
Origin of the Rhomboid Major M.
Spinous processes of T2-5
32
Insertion point of the Rhomboid Major M.
Medial border of the scapula (inferior to the scapular spine)
33
Action of the Rhomboid Major M.
Retract and elevate scapula
| Rotate the Glenoid Cavity inferiorly
34
Innervation of the Rhomboid Major M.
Dorsal Scapular N.
35
Origin of the Rhomboid Minor M.
Spinous processes of the C7-T1
| Lower part of the Ligamentum Nuchae
36
Action of the Rhomboid Minor M.
Retract and elevate scapula
| Rotate the Glenoid Cavity inferiorly
37
Innervation of the Rhomboid Minor M.
Dorsal Scapular N.
38
Origin of Levator Scapulae M.
Posterior tubercles of the Transverse Processes C1-4
39
Insertion point of Levator Scapulae M.
Medial border of scapula
| Superior to scapular spine
40
Action of the Levator scapula
Elevate the scapula
Rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly
Extend and laterally flex the neck
41
Muscles of Layer 3
Serratus Posterior Superior M.
| Serratus Posterior Inferior M.
42
Origin of Serratus Posterior SUPERIOR M.
Nuchal ligament
| Spinous Processes C7-T3
43
Insertion point of Serratus Posterior SUPERIOR M.
Superior surfaces of ribs 2-4
44
Action of Serratus Posterior SUPERIOR M.
Elevate ribs with forced inspiration, propioception
45
Innervation of the Serratus Posterior SUPERIO M.
Intercostal Nerve
46
Origin of the Serratus Posterior INFERIOR M.
Spinous processes T11-12
47
Insertion point of the Serratus Posterior INFERIOR M.
Inferior surface of ribs 8-12
48
Action of the Serratus Posterior INFERIOR M.
Depress ribs with forced expiration, propioception
49
Innervation of the Serratus Posterior INFERIOR M.
Anterior Rami T9-12
50
Muscles of Layer 4
Splenius Capitus M.
| Splenius Cervicus M.
51
Origin of Splenius Capitus M.
Lower half of Ligamentum Nuchae
| Spinous Process C7-T3(4)
52
Insertion point of the Splenius Capitus M.
Mastoid Process of Temporal B.
| Lateral 1/3 Superior Nuchal Line of the Occipital B.
53
Action of the Splenius Capitus M.
Extend the neck when working bilaterally
| Laterally flex neck and rotate face toward opposite side when working unilaterally
54
Innervation of Splenius Capitus M.
Posterior Rami C3-5
55
Origin of Splenius Cervicus M.
Spinous processes T3-6
56
Insertion point of the Splenius Cervicus M.
Transverse Processes C1-3(4)
57
Action of the Splenius Cervicus M.
Extend neck when working bilaterally
| Laterally flex neck and rotate face toward opposite side when working unilaterally
58
Innervation of the Splenius Cervicus M.
Posterior Rami C5-7
59
What is the group of muscles in layer 5 called?
Erector Spinae
60
What is the action of the Erector Spinae group?
Maintain posture
Extend Vertebral column and head
Laterally flex the vertebral column
61
Innervation of the Erector Spinae Group?
Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerves
62
What are the 3 Erector Spinae Muscle groups?
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
63
Muscles of the Iliocostalis group
Iliocostalis Lumborum M.
Iliocostalis Thoracis M.
Iliocostalis Cervicus M.
64
Origin of the Iliocostalis Lumborum M.
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Posteromedial Iliac Crest
Spinous Processes T11-L5
Median Sacral Crest
Lateral Sacral Crest
Sacrotuberous Ligament
Long Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament
```
65
Insertion point of the Iliocostalis Lumborum M.
Costal angles of Ribs 6-12
66
Origin of the Iliocostalis Thoracis M.
Costal Angles of Ribs 6-12
67
Insertion point of the Iliocostalis Thoracis M.
Costal Angles of Ribs 1-6 and Transverse Process C7
68
Origin of Iliocostalis Cervicus M.
Costal angles of Ribs 3-6
69
Insertion point of Iliocostalis Cervicus M.
Posterior Tubercles of Transverse Processes C4-6
70
3 Muscles of the Longissimus group
Longissimus Thoracis M.
Longissimus Capitus M.
Longissimus Cervicus M.
71
Origin of the Longissimus Thoracis M.
Common with Iliocostalis Lumborum M.
| Transverse and Accessory processes L1-5
72
Insertion point of the Longissimus Thoracis M.
Transverse Processes T1-L2
| Ribs 3-12 between the Costal Tubercle and Costal Angle
73
Origin of the Longissimus Cervicus M.
Transverse processes T1-5
74
Insertion point of the Longissimus Cervicus M.
Posterior Tubercles of Transverse processes and Articular processes of C2-6
75
Origin of the Longissimus Capitus M.
Transverse processes T1-5
| Articular processes C4-7
76
Insertion point of the Longissimus Capitus M.
Mastoid process of the temporal B.
77
Action of the Longissimus Capitus M.
Extend neck working bilaterally
| Laterally flex the neck and rotate face toward working unilaterally
78
3 muscles of the Spinalis group
Spinalis Thoracis
Spinalis Cervicus
Spinalis Capitus
79
Origin of the Spinalis Thoracis M.
Spinous Processes T11-L2
80
Insertion of the Spinalis Thoracis M
T1-4
81
Origin of the Spinalis Cervicus M.
Spinous processes T1-6
82
Insertion of the Spinalis Cervicus M.
C2 (3,4)
83
Muscles of Layer 6
Semispinalis Group
Multifidus M.
Rotatores Longus M.
Rotatoris Brevis M.
84
Muscles of the Semispinalis group
Semispinalis Thoracis M
Semispinalis Cervicus M
Semispinalis Capitus M.
85
Origin of Semispinalis Thoracis M.
Transverse Processes T6-12
86
Insertion point of Semispinalis Thoracis M.
Spinous Processes C6-T4
87
Action of the Semispinalis Thoracis M.
Extend Spine and rotate spine away
88
Innervation of the Semispinalis Thoracis M.
Posterior Rami
89
Origin of the Semispinalis Cervicus M.
Transverse processes T1-6
90
Insertion point of Semispinalis Cervicus M.
Spinous Processes C2-5
91
Action of Semispinalis Cervicus M.
Extend Spine and Rotate Spine away
92
Innervation of Semispinalis Cervicus M.
Posterior Rami
93
Origin of Semispinalis Capitus M.
Transverse processes C7-T6
| Articular processes of C4-6
94
Insertion point of Semispinalis Capitus M.
B/w Superior and Inferior Nuchal lines of the occipital bone
95
Action of the Semispinalis Capitus M.
Extend head, rotate face away
96
Innervation of the Semispinalis Capitus M.
Posterior Rami
97
Which transversospinalis muscle extends 5 or more spinal segments?
Semispinalis
98
Which transversospinalis muscle extends 3-4 spinal segments?
Multifidus M.
99
Which transversospinalis muscle extends 2 spinal segments?
Rotatores Longus M.
100
Which transversospinalis muscle extends to the adjacent spinal segment?
Rotatores Brevis
101
What is the origin of the Multifidus M.?
Mamillary processes of the Lumbar Vertebrae
| Transverse Processes of Thoracic Vertebrae and Articular Processes of C4-7
102
Insertion point of Multifidus M.
Spinous processes 3 numeric segments superior, except the Atlas
103
Action of the Multifidus M.
Extend spine
| Rotate spine away
104
Innervation of the Multifidus M.
Posterior Rami
105
Origin of Rotatores Longus M.
Transverse Processes
106
Insertion of Rotatores Longus M.
Spinous Processes 2 segments superior
107
Action of Rotatores Longus M.
Extend spine
| Rotate spine away
108
Innervation of Rotatores Longus M.
Posterior Rami
109
Origin of Rotatores Brevis M.
Transverse Processes
110
Insertion point of Rotatores Brevis M.
Spinous process 1 spinal segment superior
111
Action of Rotatores Brevis M.
Extend spine
| Rotate spine away
112
Innervation of Rotatores Brevis M.
Posterior Rami
113
Origin of Interspinalis M.
Spinous Process
114
Insertion point of Interspinalis M.
Adjacent Spinous Process
115
Action of Interspinalis M.
Extends the spine
116
Innervation of Interspinalis M.
Posterior Rami
117
Origin of Intertransversarii M.
Transverse process
118
Insertion point of Intertransversarii M.
Adjacent Transverse process
119
Action of Intertransversarii M.
Laterally flex the spine
120
Innervation of the Intertransversarii M.
Posterior portion is innervated by the Posterior Rami
| Anterior portion innervates by the Anterior Rami
121
Origin of Levator Costarum Longus M.
Transverse Processes C7-T11
122
Insertion point of Levator Costarum Longus M.
2nd Rib inferior to origin
123
Action of Levator Costarum Longus M.
Elevate ribs
124
Innervation of Levator costarum Longus M.
Posterior Rami
125
Origin of Levator Costarum Brevis M.
Transverse Processes C7-T11
126
Insertion point of Levator Costarum Brevis M.
Adjacent rib inferior to origin
127
Action of Levator Costarum Brevis M.
Elevate ribs
128
Innervation of Levator Costarum Brevis M.
Posterior Rami
129
Parts of the suboccipital region
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major M
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor M.
Obliquus Capitus Inferior M.
Obliquus Capitus Superior M.
130
Innervation of the suboccipital region
Suboccipital Nerve
131
Which suboccipital regions originate from the Spinous Process of C2?
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major M.
| Obliquus Capitus Inferior M.
132
Insertion point of the Rectus Capitus Posterior Major M.
Lateral portion Inferior Nuchal Line
133
Action of the Rectus Capitus Posterior Major M.
Extend head
| Rotate face toward
134
Origin of the Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor M.
Posterior Tubercle C1
135
Insertion point of Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor M.
Below Inferior Nuchal Line
136
Action of the Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor
Extend Head
137
Insertion point of the Obliquus Capitus Inferior M.
Transverse Process C1
138
Action of the Obliquus Capitus Inferior M.
Rotate face toward
139
Origin of the Obliquus Capitus Superior M.
Spinous Process C2
140
Insertion point of the Obliquus Capitus Superior M.
Between Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines
141
Action of the Obliquus Capitus Superior M.
Extend and Laterally flex head
142
What 3 suboccipital muscles make up the suboccipital triange?
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major M.
Obliquus Capitus Inferior M.
Obliquus Capitus Superior M.
