Back Osteology Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
Bone classifications
A
Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid Sutural/Wormian bones
2
Q
Long bones
A
Humerus/femur
3
Q
Short bones
A
Tarsals/carpals
4
Q
Short bone shape
A
Cuboidal
5
Q
Flat bones
A
Squamous Skull
6
Q
Irregular bones
A
Facial bones
7
Q
Sesamoid bones
A
Patella
Embedded in tendon
8
Q
Sutural/Wormian bones
A
Amid skull sutures in the neurocranium
9
Q
Parts of the long bones
A
Epiphysis Epiphyseal plate Metaphysis Diaphysis Epiphysial line
10
Q
Epiphysis
A
Portion of the bone furthest from the center
11
Q
Epiphyseal plate
A
Cartilaginous region between epiphysis and metaphysis
12
Q
Metaphysis
A
Flared region between diaphysis and epiphyseal plate
13
Q
Diaphysis
A
Central portion of a bone
14
Q
Epiphyseal line
A
Region b/w metaphysis and epiphysis after cessation of ossification
15
Q
Compact bone
A
Outermost solid layer of long bones
16
Q
What is cancellous/Spongy bone
A
Innermost sinusoidal layer of long bones
17
Q
Fxn of Medullary/Marrow Cavity
A
Replaces some of the cancellous bone layer in adults
18
Q
Parts of the posterior basicranium
A
Temporal bone (paired) Occipital bone (unpaired)
19
Q
Parts of the Temporal bone
A
Squamous part (head) Petrous part (head) Mastoid part Tympanic part (head)
20
Q
Parts of the Mastoid
A
Mastoid process Mastoid foramen Styloid process Stylomastoid foramen Mastoid notch Mandibular fossa
21
Q
Fxn of Mastoid process
A
Multiple muscular attachments
22
Q
Fxn of Mastoid foramen
A
Transmits Mastoid Emissary Vein and Meningeal branch of Occipital Artery
23
Q
What is the origin of the styloid muscles and ligament?
A
Styloid process
24
Q
The mastoid notch is medial to what?
A
Mastoid process
25
What does the mandibular fossa articulate with?
Condylar process of mandible at the temporomandibular joint
26
Parts of the Occipital bone
Internal and External Squamous parts
| Internal and external basilar parts
27
Parts of the External Squamous Part
External Occipital Protuberance/Inion
Superior Nuchal Line
Inferior Nuchal Line
External Occipital Crest
28
The Superior Nuchal Line laterally extends from what?
The External Occipital Protuberance
29
What is inferior to the Superior Nuchal Line?
The Inferior Nuchal Line
30
Parts of the External Basilar part?
Pharyngeal Tubercle
Occipital Condyle
Condylar Canal
31
What is the insertion point for the Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor muscle?
Pharyngeal tubercle
32
Pharyngeal tubercle
Central
Anterior to Foramen Magnum
Protrudes inferiorly
33
Is the Occipital Condyle paired or unpaired?
Paired on either side of Foramen Magnum
34
What does the Occipital Condyle pair with?
Superior Articulating process of C1 Atlas
35
Where is the Condylar Canal in reference to the Occipital Condyle?
Posterolateral
36
How many cervical vertebrae?
7
37
Where are the C. Vertebrae located?
B/w the occipital bone and thoracic vertebrae
38
C1 is also called what?
Atlas (Holds up the world)
39
Fovea for Odontoid Process is located Ant. or Pos. on the atlas?
Anterior
40
Parts of the C1 Vertebrae
Anterior Arch
Posterior Arch
Lateral Mass
41
Parts of the Anterior Arch of the Atlas
Fovea for the Odontoid process
Facet for the Odontoid process
Anterior tubercle
42
Parts of the Posterior arch
Groove for the Vertebral artery
| Posterior tubercle
43
The posterior tubercle of the Atlas is analogous to what?
Spinous process of regular vertebrae
44
Parts of the lateral mass
Tubercle for the transverse ligament
Superior articulating process
Inferior articulating process
Transverse Process
45
The tubercle for the transverse ligament is the origin and contralateral insertion for what?
Transverse band of the Cruciform ligament
46
What does the superior articulating process articulate with?
The occipital condyles
47
What does the inferior articulating process articulate with?
C2 (Axis)
48
What is located within the Transverse Process and what does it transmit?
Transverse Foramen transmits the Vertebral artery
49
Where is the fracture of a Jeffersonian Fracture?
Arches of the Atlas
50
Will a Jeffersonian fracture injure the spinal cord?
No, unless the transverse ligament is ruptured
51
Main feature of the C2 Vertebra
Odontoid Process
52
Cause of Jefferson Fracture
Blow to the top of the head (falling object or diving accident)
53
Where are the two areas that the Axis is susceptible to fracture?
Odontoid process
| Vertebral arch
54
Hangman's Fracture occurs from what?
Hyperextension of the head, fracture of the vertebral arch
55
Where is the fracture on an Odontoid Process that will allow it to heal?
Inferior to the base
56
What are the features of a typical C. Vertebra (C3-6)?
```
Vertebral Body
Vertebral Foramen
Vertebral Arch
Spinous process
Transverse Process
Superior Articulating Process
Inferior Articulating Process
```
57
Vertebral Body
Small and wide, superior surface concave, inferior surface convex
58
What does the Vertebral Foramen transmit?
Spinal cord
59
Two features of the vertebral arch
Pedicle
| Lamina
60
Spina Bifida arises because of a developmental abnormality in what?
Vertebral Lamina fail to fuse and close off the vertebral canal
61
Spina Bifida commonly occurs at which vertebrae?
L5 and S1
62
What is a typical sign of benign spina bifida?
Tuft of hair over the defect
63
What is the appearance of the Spinous Process?
Short and bifid
64
What are the parts of the transverse process?
Transverse foramen
Posterior tubercle
Anterior tubercle
Costotransverse bar
65
Function of the Transverse Foramen
C1-6 transmit the Vertebral A.
66
Attachment points for levator scapulae and scalene muscles
Anterior and Posterior Tubercles
67
Fxn of the costotransverse bar
Lateral boundary of the Transverse foramen
Links the Costal and Transverse elements of the Transverse Process
Possesses a depressed area that accomodates the Anterior Rami of Spinal Nerves
68
What does the Superior Articulating process articulate with?
The Inferior Articulating Process of the vertebral setment above
69
What is the main feature of the Vertebra Prominens?
Long and well-pronounced Spinous Process
70
Will a dislocation in the C. Vertebrae cause injury to the spinal cord?
No
71
How many Thoracic Vertebrae?
12
72
What is the function of the Thoracic Vertebrae?
Attachment for the ribs
73
The ___ of each rib articulates with the ___ of the thoracic vertebral body above the rib number and the ____ of the vertebral body of the same number
Head, Inferior costal demifacet, superior costal demifacet
74
Parts of the typical rib (3-9)
Head
Neck
Tubercle
Body (shaft)
75
What does the head of the rib articulate with?
Thoracic Vertebrae
76
Parts of the rib head
Superior and Inferior Articular facets
| Crest of the head
77
Fxn of the Superior Articular Facet?
Articulates with inferior Costal Demifacet on Thoracic Vertebral Body one numeric segment superiorly
78
Fxn of the Inferior Articular Facet
Articulates with Superior Costal Demifacet on Thoracic Vertebral of the same numeric segment
79
Fxn of the crest of the head of the ribs
Separates the two articular facets
80
What is the stretch of the bone b/w the head and tubercle of the ribs?
Neck
81
What does the articular facet of the rib tubercle articulate with?
Transverse Costal Facets on Thoracic Vertebrae
82
What attaches to the nonarticular part of the rib tubercle?
Lateral Costotransverse Ligament
83
What are the two parts of the rib body?
Costal Groove
| Costal Angle
84
What houses the Intercostal nerve and vessels?
Costal Groove
85
What is the anterolateral Turning point of the rib called?
Costal angle
86
What is name of the disease that involves calcification of the edges of the Vertebral body?
Spondylosis
87
What does spondylosis cause?
Localized pain and stiffness
88
Separation of the Vertebral Arch from the Vertebral Body is called what?
Spondylolysis
89
Anterior displacement of the Vertebral Body on the Inferior Vertebral Segment is known as _____.
Spondylolisthesis
90
How many Lumbar Vertebrae?
5
91
What does the Vertebral Foramen of the Lumbar Vertebrae transmit?
Spinal Cord
Conus Medullaris
Cauda Equina
92
What attaches to the Accessory Process of the Transverse Process of the Lumbar Vertebrae?
Intertransversarii muscles
93
What is unique to the superior articulating process of the lumbar vertebrae?
Mamillary Process
94
What attaches to the Mamillary process?
Multifidi muscles and Intertransversarii muscles
95
Narrowing of the lumbar vertebral foramen is called what?
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
96
Where are lumbar punctures performed on the spine?
L3/L4 or L4/L5
97
What type of vertebrae is the Sacrum composed of?
5 fused vertebrae
98
Parts of the Sacrum
```
Base
Dorsal Surface
Ventral surface
Sacral Canal
Apex
```
99
Features of the Dorsal Sacrum
```
Rough and convex
Median Sacral Crest
Medial Sacral Crest
Lateral Sacral Crest
Sacral Tuberosity
Posterior (Dorsal) Sacral Foramina
Sacral Hiatus
Sacral Cornua
```
100
Features of the Ventral Sacrum
4x Transverse Lines
| Anterior Sacral Foramina
101
What does the Anterior Sacral Foramina transmit?
Anterior Ramus of Sacral Spinal nerves
102
What does the Apex of the sacrum articulate with/
Coccyx
103
Parts of the Coccyx
Coccygeal Cornua
Transverse Process
Tip
104
Curvature of the Thoracic spine
Kyphosis
105
Curvature of the Lumbar spine
Lordosis
