Back to Basics

Question 1

How many CTAS recordings in 1 call?

Answer 1

3 - 1 on the way, 1 on ot contact, and one on the way to the hospital

Question 2

Define CTAS 1

Answer 2

Life or Limb threat or imminent risk of deterioration requiring immediate interventions - needs to be seen immediately

Question 3

Define CTAS 2

Answer 3

Conditons that are potential life threat to life, limb, or function, requiring delegated medical acts - seen within 15 min

Question 4

Define CTAS 3

Answer 4

Conditons that could potentially progress to a serious problem requiring emergency intervention. - seen within 30 minutes

Question 5

Define CTAS 4

Answer 5

Conditions that are related to pt age, distress or potential for deterioration or complications would benefit from intervention or reassurance within 1-2 hours - seen within 60 minutes

Question 5

If a pt has snoring resps, think….

Answer 5

positioning to fix the issue

Question 5

Define CTAS 5

Answer 5

Conditions that may be acute but non urgent as well as conditions which may be part of a chronic problem with or without evidence of deterioration - seen within 2 hours

Question 6

If a pt has gurgling resps, think….

Answer 6

suctioning to fix the issue

Question 7

According to BLS PCS v3.2 Patient Assesment Standard, how many sets of vitals should the paramedic obtain and what is the minimum time set between vitals?

Answer 7

of set of vitals - 2
minimum time between each - 30 min

Question 8

What is the grading for GCS for Eye Opening?

Answer 8

4 - Spontaneous
3 - To voice
2 - to pain
1 - None

Question 9

What is the grading for GCS for Verbal Response?

Answer 9

5 - Oriented
4 - Confused
3 - Inappropriate Words
2 - Incomprehensible Sounds
1 - None

Question 10

What is the grading for GCS for Motor Response

Answer 10

6 - Obeys Commands
5 - Loaclizes Pain
4 - Withdraws from pain
3 - Flexion or Decorticate Posturing (everything in)
2 - Extension or Decerebrate Posturing (Everything Out)
1 - None

Question 11

How do measure LOA?

Answer 11

• Person
• Place
• Time

Question 12

Normal Resp rate for an adult is

Answer 12

12-24 breaths per minute

Question 13

Define Pulse Rate

Answer 13

The tactile arterial palpation of the heartbeat

Question 14

List all Pulse Points

Answer 14

• Carotid
• Radial
• Apical (heart)
• Brachial
• Femoral
• Popliteal
• Dorsalis Pedis
• Posterior tibialis

Question 15

What is normal oxygen saturation

Answer 15

94-100

Question 16

Conditons that can effect pulse oximetry accuracy

Answer 16

• bright light
• pt movement
• poor perfusion
• nail polish
• venous pulsations
• abnormal hemoglobin

Question 17

Define systolic blood pressure

Answer 17

pressure exerted against arterial walls during contraction of the heart

Question 18

Define Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 18

pressure exerted against the arterial walls during relaxation of the heart

Question 19

Define MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure)

Answer 19

• Average arterial during a cardiac cycle
• Reflects perfusion of vital organs

Question 20

Normal MAP range

Answer 20

70-100mmHg

Question 21

What is the minimum MAP required to perfuse brain, heart, kidneys

Answer 21

60 mmHg

Question 22

What is the equation for MAP

Answer 22

Diastolic+1/3(systolic-diastolic)

Question 23

Normal Pupil Size

Answer 23

3-6mm

Question 24

Define Mydriasis

Answer 24

dilation of the pupil

Question 25

Define Miosis

Answer 25

constriction of the pupil

Question 26

What is the normal temperature range?

Answer 26

36.1-37.2

Question 27

Normal blood glucose

Answer 27

anything above 4.0

Question 28

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?

Answer 28

- right hypochindriac - epigastric - left hypochindriac - right lumbar - umbilical - left lumbar - right iliac - hypogastric - Left Iliac

Question 29

4 types of hypoxia

Answer 29

hypoxic hypoxia - not enough O2 in the blood to perfuse organs Anemic Hypoxia - blood is ohyiscally not able to carry the proper amount of O2 Stagnant Hypoxia - Oxygen rich blood isnt flowing around the body Histotoxic Hypoxia - cells are poisoned and not able to use O2

Question 30

Hypoxia vs Hypoxemia

Answer 30

Hypoxia - not enough oxygen being delivered to tissues Hypoxemia - not enough O2 in the blood

Question 32

How do you measure an NPA?

Answer 32

corner of nostril to ear lobe

Question 33

Ventilation Rate for adults

Answer 33

10-12 breaths/minutes=1 breath every 5-6 seconds

Question 34

Ventilation rates for infant/child

Answer 34

12/20 breaths per minute

Question 35

What is the duration of flow equation for O2 tanks

Answer 35

(gauge pressure-500) x constant/flow rate

Question 36

What is the D tank Constant?

Answer 36

0.16

Question 37

What is the E tank constant

Answer 37

0.28

Question 38

Flow rate for nasal cannula

Answer 38

1-6 LPM

Question 39

Equation for Cardiac Output

Answer 39

Stroke volume x pulse rate

Question 40

What would you see in someone with compensated shock?

Answer 40

- tachycardia - sometimes normal bp with elevated hr - restlessnes - anxiety - altered LOA - pale - clammy skin - decreased cap refill - SOB

Question 41

What would you see in decompensated shock?

Answer 41

- HR elevasted - BP decreasing

Question 42

What is the Criteria for Sepsis

Answer 42

- hypotension/decreased MAP - altered LOA - Tachypnea - Tachycardia - hypo or hyperthermic

Question 43

Virchows Triad

Answer 43

-hypercoaguulability - endothelial injury - venous stasis (predispsoes to DVT)