ALS PCS AI Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
What does ALS stand for in the context of healthcare?
A
Advanced Life Support
2
Q
What is the purpose of the ALS PCS in Ontario?
A
To provide a standardized approach to advanced life support in pre-hospital settings.
3
Q
True or False: The ALS PCS is only applicable to paramedics.
A
False
4
Q
Fill in the blank: The ALS PCS is a part of the _____ system in Ontario.
A
Emergency Medical Services
5
Q
What are the primary components of the ALS PCS?
A
Protocols, procedures, and guidelines for advanced life support.
6
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a primary focus of ALS PCS? A) Cardiac arrest B) Trauma C) Routine check-ups
A
C) Routine check-ups
7
Q
What type of patients does ALS PCS primarily serve?
A
Patients experiencing life-threatening medical emergencies.
8
Q
True or False: ALS PCS includes guidelines for medication administration.
A
True
9
Q
What is the role of paramedics under the ALS PCS?
A
To assess, treat, and transport patients using advanced life support techniques.
10
Q
Fill in the blank: ALS PCS protocols are regularly _____ to ensure effectiveness.
A
reviewed and updated
11
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a component of the ALS PCS? A) Patient assessment B) Dietary guidelines C) Physical therapy
A
A) Patient assessment
12
Q
What does the acronym PCS stand for?
A
Patient Care Standards
13
Q
What type of training is required for paramedics to implement ALS PCS?
A
Advanced training in life support techniques and protocols.
14
Q
True or False: ALS PCS is only used in urban areas of Ontario.
A
False
15
Q
Fill in the blank: ALS PCS aims to improve _____ outcomes for patients.
A
clinical
16
Q
What is the significance of the ALS PCS in emergency situations?
A
It provides a clear framework for paramedics to deliver timely and effective care.
17
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key skill taught in ALS PCS training? A) Basic first aid B) Advanced airway management C) Nutrition advice
A
B) Advanced airway management
18
Q
How often are ALS PCS guidelines updated?
A
Regularly, based on new research and clinical evidence.
19
Q
True or False: ALS PCS protocols are the same across all provinces in Canada.
A
False
20
Q
What is the primary goal of the ALS PCS?
A
To enhance patient care and survival rates in emergencies.
21
Q
Fill in the blank: ALS PCS includes protocols for _____ management.
A
pain
22
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes ALS PCS? A) A set of laws B) A clinical guideline C) A patient complaint form
A
B) A clinical guideline
23
Q
What is one of the challenges faced in implementing ALS PCS?
A
Ensuring all paramedics are adequately trained and updated on protocols.
24
Q
True or False: ALS PCS can be adapted for use in non-emergency settings.
A
True
25
Fill in the blank: The ALS PCS is designed to work in conjunction with _____ services.
hospital
26
What is the role of continuous quality improvement in ALS PCS?
To assess and enhance the effectiveness of the protocols and training.
27
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common scenario where ALS PCS is applied? A) Seasonal flu B) Cardiac arrest C) Minor cuts
B) Cardiac arrest
28
What is the importance of evidence-based practice in ALS PCS?
It ensures that the protocols are grounded in the latest research and best practices.
29
True or False: ALS PCS includes guidelines for pediatric patients.
True
30
Fill in the blank: ALS PCS emphasizes the importance of _____ communication among healthcare providers.
effective
31
What is one of the key outcomes expected from implementing ALS PCS?
Improved patient survival rates in critical situations.
32
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of an advanced intervention in ALS PCS? A) CPR B) Bandaging a wound C) Administering IV fluids
C) Administering IV fluids
33
How does ALS PCS benefit paramedics in the field?
By providing clear protocols to follow in emergencies.
34
True or False: ALS PCS is solely focused on trauma care.
False
35
Fill in the blank: ALS PCS protocols are developed based on _____ research.
clinical
36
What is the significance of the term 'scope of practice' in ALS PCS?
It defines the procedures and interventions that paramedics are authorized to perform.
37
Multiple Choice: Which organization typically oversees the development of ALS PCS in Ontario? A) Ministry of Health B) Ontario Medical Association C) Canadian Red Cross
A) Ministry of Health
38
What are some common medications used in ALS PCS protocols?
Epinephrine, nitroglycerin, and atropine.
39
True or False: The ALS PCS protocols are static and do not change over time.
False
40
Fill in the blank: ALS PCS aims to standardize _____ care across Ontario.
emergency
41
What type of assessment is critical in the ALS PCS framework?
Patient assessment
42
Multiple Choice: What is the first step in the ALS PCS protocol during a cardiac arrest? A) Administer medication B) Call for backup C) Start CPR
C) Start CPR
43
What does the term 'intervention' refer to in ALS PCS?
Any action taken to improve a patient's condition.
44
True or False: ALS PCS protocols are designed to be flexible and adaptable.
True
45
Fill in the blank: ALS PCS includes guidelines for managing _____ emergencies.
medical
46
What is the role of teamwork in the implementation of ALS PCS?
To ensure coordinated care and effective response to emergencies.
47
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key principle of ALS PCS? A) Individualized care B) Standardized protocols C) Minimal intervention
B) Standardized protocols
48
What is the expected impact of ALS PCS on patient outcomes?
To enhance survival and recovery rates in emergency situations.
49
True or False: ALS PCS protocols can vary between different regions within Ontario.
True
50
Fill in the blank: ALS PCS emphasizes the importance of _____ in patient care.
evidence-based practice
51
What is the significance of training and education in ALS PCS?
It ensures paramedics are knowledgeable and skilled in current protocols.
52
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a non-invasive procedure in ALS PCS? A) Intubation B) CPR C) Chest tube insertion
B) CPR
53
How does ALS PCS address the needs of special populations, such as pediatrics?
By providing specific protocols tailored to their unique needs.
54
True or False: ALS PCS is only applicable to urban emergency services.
False
55
Fill in the blank: Continuous _____ is a key aspect of the ALS PCS framework.
evaluation
56
What is one of the primary challenges in ALS PCS implementation?
Ensuring consistent training across all paramedic services.
57
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a focus area of ALS PCS? A) Cardiac emergencies B) Respiratory emergencies C) Cosmetic procedures
C) Cosmetic procedures
58
What is the importance of patient history in the ALS PCS assessment process?
It helps paramedics make informed decisions about care.
59
True or False: ALS PCS protocols are developed without input from medical professionals.
False
60
Fill in the blank: ALS PCS protocols must adhere to _____ standards.
provincial
61
What role does technology play in ALS PCS?
It enhances communication and data collection during emergencies.
62
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common assessment tool used in ALS PCS? A) Glasgow Coma Scale B) Body Mass Index C) Blood Pressure Monitor
A) Glasgow Coma Scale
63
What is the significance of triage in the ALS PCS framework?
It helps prioritize patient care based on the severity of their condition.
64
True or False: ALS PCS includes protocols for both adult and pediatric patients.
True
65
Fill in the blank: ALS PCS protocols support _____ decision-making in emergencies.
clinical
66
What is one of the goals of community education regarding ALS PCS?
To raise awareness about the importance of emergency response.
67
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key feature of ALS PCS? A) Flexibility B) Standardization C) Ambiguity
B) Standardization
68
What is the importance of collaboration with hospitals in ALS PCS?
To ensure seamless transition of care from pre-hospital to hospital settings.
69
True or False: ALS PCS protocols are based on outdated practices.
False
70
Fill in the blank: ALS PCS aims to reduce variations in _____ care.
emergency
71
What is the expected outcome of effective ALS PCS implementation?
Improved patient care and outcomes in emergency situations.
72
Multiple Choice: What is a key factor in the success of ALS PCS? A) Consistent training B) Ignoring patient feedback C) Limited resources
A) Consistent training
73
How does ALS PCS contribute to paramedic professionalism?
By establishing clear standards and expectations for practice.
74
What is the primary indication for the Patellar Relocation Directive?
Patient with a suspected lateral patellar dislocation
## Footnote
This directive is specifically used when there is a suspicion of this type of dislocation.
75
What is the age range indicated for the Patellar Relocation Directive?
Age: >/= 10 yrs -
76
What are the contraindications for the Patellar Relocation Directive?
* High Velocity Trauma
* Loss of consciousness: Unaltered
* Direct Knee Trauma
## Footnote
These conditions may prevent the safe application of the directive.
77
Define high velocity trauma in the context of the Patellar Relocation Directive.
A significant external force has acted upon the patient’s knee
## Footnote
This definition is important for assessing the patient's suitability for the procedure.
78
What is the recommended position for a patient during the Patellar Reduction Treatment?
Seated or lying position
## Footnote
Positioning is important for the effectiveness of the reduction treatment.
79
What is the technique for performing the patellar reduction?
Gently extend the knee while lifting up on the patella and placing medial pressure to the edge of the patella
## Footnote
Proper technique is vital to successfully relocate the patella.
80
What is the maximum number of attempts allowed for patellar reduction per patient?
2
## Footnote
This limit is set to reduce the risk of further injury.
81
What is the controlled substance combination used for suspected opioid toxicity?
Buprenorphine & Naloxone
## Footnote
This combination is known as Suboxone.
82
What is the indication for administering Suboxone?
Suspected opioid toxicity
## Footnote
Requires conditions such as age ≥ 16 years, unaltered mental status, and COWS ≥ 8.
83
What are the contraindications for administering Suboxone?
Allergy or sensitivity & taken methadone in previous 72 hours
84
What is the initial dose of Suboxone for opioid toxicity?
16mg BUC/SL
## Footnote
Followed by an 8mg dose after 10 minutes, up to a maximum of 24mg.
85
When must inventory/count of controlled substances be performed and recorded?
When removing/returning controlled substances to storage and during exchange between paramedics
86
What is the storage requirement for controlled substances when not in use?
Must be locked at all times
## Footnote
This includes being secured by double locking in various approved locations.
87
What is the COWS score range indicating no active withdrawal?
< 5
88
What COWS score range indicates mild withdrawal?
5-12
89
What COWS score range indicates moderate withdrawal?
13-24
90
What COWS score range indicates moderately severe withdrawal?
25-36
91
What COWS score indicates severe withdrawal?
> 36
92
What COWS score is an indication for suboxone administration?
≥ 8
93
What document should be referred to for a complete table of COWS calculation?
ALS PCS v5.4 p. 164
94
True or False: Suboxone can be administered to individuals under the age of 16.
False
95
Fill in the blank: The COWS score of _____ indicates severe withdrawal.
> 36
96
What is the indication for suctioning through SGA gastric port?
Patient with endotracheal or SGA (with gastric suction port) or Tracheostomy tube AND airway obstruction or increased secretions
## Footnote
This indicates a situation where suctioning may be necessary to clear the airway or manage secretions.
97
What is the suction catheter size for an I-Gel size 1.5?
10F
## Footnote
This size is suitable for patients weighing between 5-12 kg.
98
What is the suction catheter size for an I-Gel size 4?
12F
## Footnote
This size is for patients weighing between 50-90 kg.
99
What is the maximum single dose of suctioning for patients aged ≥ 12 years?
100-150mmHg
## Footnote
This is the recommended pressure setting for effective suctioning.
100
What should be done if vomit is present or the patient begins to vomit during suctioning?
SGA must be removed
## Footnote
This is crucial to prevent further complications.
101
What are the limitations of suctioning through SGA gastric port?
Suctioning is not designed to remove foreign body airway obstructions or thick emesis
## Footnote
It is also not to be used to suction the trachea or clear ventilatory track.
102
What are some complications associated with continuous suctioning?
Irritation of the esophagus or stomach and risk of infection
## Footnote
Infection risk can be mitigated by maintaining a clean and sterile environment.
103
What are the advantages of gastric suctioning?
* Easy skill to perform
* Minimally invasive
* Minimal risks
* Ensures positioning of SGA is not compromised
## Footnote
These advantages are particularly beneficial in high-stress situations.
104
What is the first step in prepping the gastric port and channel?
Apply a small bolus of lubricant to the proximal end of the gastric channel
## Footnote
Proper lubrication is essential for smooth catheter insertion.
105
How do you measure the conventional catheter length and depth for an I-Gel?
Measure I-gel cradle and add 2cm
## Footnote
This ensures proper depth for effective suctioning, approximately 24cm for sizes 2.5 to 5.
106
Fill in the blank: The suctioning pressure for patients aged < 1 year is _______.
60-100mmHg
## Footnote
This pressure is tailored for younger patients to minimize risk.
107
What are the signs of traumatic hemorrhage?
* Profuse external bleeding
* Rapid, weak pulse
* Hypotension
* Cool, clammy skin
* Altered LOA
## Footnote
LOA stands for Level of Awareness.
108
What is the Trauma Triad of Death?
* Hypothermia
* Coagulopathy
* Acidosis
## Footnote
This triad can be dangerous in cases of traumatic hemorrhage.
109
What is TXA?
Tranexamic Acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug that inhibits the activation of plasminogen to increase blood clot formation.
110
What are the indications for administering TXA?
* Suspected hemorrhage due to trauma
* Hemodynamic instability
## Footnote
Hemodynamic instability refers to inadequate blood flow to meet the body's needs.
111
What is the minimum age for TXA administration?
>16 years old
112
What are the contraindications for TXA administration?
* Known hypersensitivity to TXA
* Greater than 3 hours from the time of injury to drug admin OR unknown time of injury
* Isolated head injury
113
What is the recommended dose of TXA?
1000mg/1g
114
What is the concentration of TXA for administration?
1000mg/10mL
115
What are the two methods of administering TXA?
* IM (Intramuscular)
* IV (Intravenous)
## Footnote
IV is the preferred route for administration.
116
How should TXA be administered via IM?
Give 1000mg (10mL) using deltoids and vastus lateralis.
117
How should TXA be administered via IV?
Titrate the dose over 5 minutes.
118
What is the administration rate for TXA using a 50mL bag?
2 drops/sec to give the full dose over 5 minutes.
119
How should TXA be administered without dilution?
Draw up the full vial 1000mg/10mL in a 10mL syringe and push 2mL each minute for a total of 10mL (1000mg) in 5 minutes.
120
What should TXA administration not delay?
Transport and management of other reversible causes.
121
When can TXA be considered in trauma settings?
* Suspected internal bleeding
* Uncontrolled external bleeding from neck, axilla, and groin region
122
What situations should TXA not be used for?
* Isolated extremity fractures or amputations WITHOUT hemorrhage
* Rectal bleeding
* Isolated head injuries
* Non-traumatic bleeding
