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Clinical Anatomy I > Back Vertebral Column etc. > Flashcards

Back Vertebral Column etc. Flashcards

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1
Q

back location

A 
posterior portion of trunk
between neck and gluteal regions
vertebral column and intervertebral discs
spinal cord and meninges
posterior aspects of ribs
multiple muscle layers
-axio-appendicular
-respiratory
-intrinsic back
posterior neck and vertebrae
scapula and intrinsic shoulder muscles
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2
Q

vertebral column overview

A 
main component of axial skeleton
foramen magnum to tip of coccyx 75cm
vertebrae and intervertebral discs
supports and protects spinal cord
supports body weight above pelvis
support and mobility for skull
posture and locomotion
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3
Q

vertebral column vertebrae

A

32-34 vertebrae

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4
Q

how many cervical vertebrae

A

7

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5
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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6
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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7
Q

how many sacral vertebrae

A

5 (fused)

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8
Q

how many coccygeal vertebrae

A

3-5 (fused)

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9
Q

movement upper 24 vertebrae

A

mobile

separated by intervertebral discs

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10
Q

structure moving inferiorly

A

progressive enlargement inferiorly

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11
Q

how many curvatures?

A

4

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12
Q

typical vertebrae components

A

body and arch

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13
Q

vertebral body function

A

support

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14
Q

vertebral arch components

A

pedicles and laminae
-vertebral foramen
superior and inferior vertebral notches
-intervertebral foramina

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15
Q

intervertebral foramina

A

spinal nerve passage

  • C1-7 vertebrae form inferior portion of IV foramen
  • C8-L5 vertebrae form superior portion of IV foramen
  • S1-4 pass via anterior/posterior sacral foramina
  • S5, Co1 pass via sacral hiatus
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16
Q

nerve roots below L2

A

Nerve roots below L2 descend in vertebral canal to corresponding vertebral level
-cauda equina

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17
Q

typical vertebrae-7 processes

A

spinous process
transverse processes (2)
superior articular processes (2)
inferior articular processes (2)

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18
Q

spinous process

A

projects posterior (and inferior) from junction of lamina

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19
Q

transverse processes (2)

A 
project lateral (and posterior) from junction of pedicles and lamina
act as levers for intrinsic back muscles
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20
Q

superior articular processes (2)

A

project superior from junction of pedicles and laminae

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21
Q

inferior articular processes (2)

A

project inferior from junction of pedicles and laminae

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22
Q

facet joints

A

maintain alignment

orientation dictates movement

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23
Q

cervical vertebrae range, body features

A

C3-C7
body-more wide than deep
-superolateral uncinate processes (uncus)

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24
Q

cervical vertebrae vertebral foramen

A

large/triangular (accommodates larger cord)

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25
cervical vertebrae transverse processes
transverse foramen (accommodates vertebral arteries)
26
cervical vertebrae spinous processes
short and bifid (esp. white males) | C6, C7 (vertebra prominens) longer
27
cervical vertebrae facet joint orientation
permits flexion/extension, some lateral flexion | greatest freedom of movement of any region
28
atypical cervical vertebrae c1
c1 (atlas) widest vertebrae palpable between mastoid and angle of mandible no body or spinous process ring-shaped with large lateral masses (support occipital condyles of cranium) -transverse ligament between (holds dens in position) steele's rule of thirds
29
atypical cervical vertebrae c2
c2 (axis) strongest cervical vertebrae dens (odontiod process)-superior projection from body -axis of rotation for C1 -prevent displacement of C1 on C2 superior articular facets provide surface for C1 rotation
30
atlanto-axial joint
allows for c1 to rotate on c2
31
atypical cervical vertebrae c6
carotid tubercule-anterior surface of transverse process | compression of carotid artery
32
atypical cervical vertebrae c7
``` aka vertebra prominens longest spinous process -no bifid smaller transverse foramen -vertebral artery enters at c6 ```
33
thoracic vertebrae body
heart-shaped, costal facets for heads of ribs
34
thoracic vertebrae vertebral foramen
small/circular
35
thoracic vertebrae transverse processes
long, facet for tubercule of same numbered rib
36
thoracic vertebrae spinous processes
long, project downward
37
T12
markedly transitions to lumbar type-transitional stresses | most commonly fractured
38
thoracic vertebrae coronal facet joint orientation
permits rotation
39
lumbar vertebrae body
massive, kidney-shaped L5-taller anteriorly than posteriorly -creates lumbosacral angle
40
lumbar vertebrae vertebral foramen
mid-sized/triangular
41
lumbar vertebrae transverse processes
long, narrow
42
lumbar vertebrae spinous processes
short, thick, blunt
43
lumbar vertebrae sagittal facet joint orientation
permits flexion/extension and lateral rotation
44
sacrum
triangular-shaped | roof and posterior wall of pelvis
45
sacrum vertebrae
5 fused vertebrae base-superior portion of s1 -sacral promontory apex-inferior portion of s5
46
sacral canal
passageway for cauda equina
47
4 paired sacral foramina
sacral spinal nerves (s1-s4)
48
dorsal surfaces
5 sacral crests median intermediate (2) lateral (2)
49
sacral foramina
anterior foramina-ventral rami posterior foramina-dorsal rami s5 and co1 exit sacral hiatus
50
coccyx
beak-shaped 3-5 fused vertebrae apex-attachment for anococcygeal ligament
51
intervetebral discs
unite vertebral bodies into column | form inferior half of anterior vertebral foramen
52
inferior half of anterior vertebral foramen-intervertebral discs
entire anterior foramen in cervical region no IV disc between c1 and c2 no sacral or coccygeal discs
53
intervertebral discs height
account for 25% of vertebral column height
54
intervertebral discs functions
permit movement | absorb shock
55
anulus fibrosis
concentric fibrocartilaginous rings form circumference of disc thinner posteriorly may be incomplete in cervical region
56
nucleus pulposus
fibrogelatinous, mostly water forms core of disc deformable avascular
57
longitudinal ligaments anterior
anterior - covers and connects anterolateral aspects of vertebral bodies and IV discs - extends from sacrum to foramen magnum - broad - only ligament to limit extension
58
longitudinal ligaments posterior
posterior - connects posterior aspects of vertebral bodies and IV discs - extends from sacrum to c2 - within vertebral canal - narrow - limits hyperflexion - redirects posterior herniation of nucleus pulposus
59
spinal cord overview
continuous with medulla oblongata of brainstem foramen magnum to L1-2 -tapers as conus medullaris 45 cm long, cervical (C4-T1) and lumbar (T11-S1) enlargements -anterior rami form brachial and lumbar/sacral plexuses surrounded by meninges and CSF filum terminale anchors cornus medullaris and meninges to coccyx -internum inside lumbar cistern and externum (coccygeal ligament) divided into 31 segments -origin of each pair of spinal nerves (dorsal, DRG, ventral root)
60
spinal nerves
convergence of dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) roots in intervertebral foramen
61
inferior portion of iv foramen
c1-7 vertebrae
62
superior portion of iv foramen
c8-l5
63
exit s1-4
via anterior/posterior sacral foramina
64
exit s5, co1
sacral hiatus
65
cauda equina
nerve roots below L2 descend into vertebral canal (lumbar cistern) to appropriate vertebral level
66
spinal meninges
surround and protect cord and nerve roots, contain csf
67
3 layer spinal meninges
dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater
68
3 spaces spinal meninges
``` epidural space (actual) subdural space (potential) subarachonid space (actual) ```
69
dura mater
tough outer layer deep to bone and epidural space forms dural sac-tubular sheath in vertebral canal
70
dural sac
``` foramen magnum superiorly margins of iv foramina laterally terminates in sacral canal lumbar cistern between l2 and s2 tethered to coccyx by filum terminale ```
71
arachonid mater
delicate middle layer deep to dura and subdural space surrounds csf-filled subarachnoid space attached to underlying pia by arachnoid trabeculae (spider webs)
72
pia mater
delicate and transparent deep to subarachnoid space tethered to cord and nerve roots form 20-22 denticulate ligaments between dorsal and ventral roots -tether cord laterally to inner dural sac

Clinical Anatomy I (3 decks)

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