Flashcards in Bacteria Deck (51)
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1
Prokaryotic cells do not have what?
membrane-enclosed organelles
2
What are the 3 bacterial shapes?
Spherical (cocci)
Rod shaped (bacilli
Spiral
3
What are the three spherical categories?
diplococcus (cells grouped in 2)
streptococcus (long chains)
staphylococcus (grape clusters)
4
What are the 2 spiral categories?
Rigid helix (spirillum)
Flexible helix (spirochete)
5
bacteria cell walls are composed of what?
peptidoglycan
6
Some bacteria have a _____ surrounding the cell wall.
capsule
7
Describe gram-positive bacteria:
absorb and retain crystal violet stain
walls very thick
consist mainly of peptidoglycan
stain purplish-brown
8
Describe gram-negative bacteria:
don't retain a stain when rinsed with alcohol
wals have a thin peptidoglycan layer
have a outer membrane
stain pink
9
Most prokaryotes have a capsule or___
slime layer
10
The outer covering of some prokaryotes may protect the cell against what?
phagocytosis
11
Bacteria also use____to attach to surfaces such as rocks and teeth.
capsule
12
Bacteria Pili
protein structures extending from cell
help bacteria adhere to one another or other surfaces
13
Prokaryotes move by means of a ____.
flagella
14
List the 3 parts of bacteria flagella:
basal body
hook
single filament
15
Flagellum act like a_____
propeller
16
Prokaryote Genes consist of:
1 circular DNA molecule in nuclear area
1 or more plasmids (circular DNA fragments)
17
What happens in binary fission?
cell divides, forming 2 cells
18
What is the most common form of reproduction in bacteria?
binary fision
19
Under ideal conditions, a bacterium may divide every ______.
20 minutes
20
Budding
bud forms, separates from mother cell
21
Fragmentation
walls form inside cell and then separates into several cells
22
Transformation
bacterial cell takes in DNA fragments released by a dead bacterium and than incorporates its DNA into its
23
Transduction
phage carries bacterial DNA from one bacterial cell into another
24
Conjugation
two cells of different mating types exchange genetic mateerial
25
Endospores
extremely durable cells that remain dormant
26
Archae do not form____
endospores
27
What type of environments do endospores form in?
very dry, hot
frozen
food scarce
28
Some bacterial endospores are disease causing, such as
Bacillus anthracius (anthrax)
Clostridium tetani (tetanus)
29
Biofilms
dense films formed by bacteria living in watery enviroments
30
