Test 1 Flashcards
(68 cards)
Biological diversity (biodiversity):
variety of living organisms considered at 3 levels: genetic, species, and ecosystem
Systematics:
scientific study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships
Taxonomy:
science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms
Classifications:
arranging organisms into groups based on similarities that reflect evolutionary relationships among lineages
Who made the binomial system of nomenclature?
Carolus Linnaeus
Binomial system of nomenclature:
gives animals an unique two word name. first word genus. second word species
List the taxonomic levels
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What kingdom did Ernest Haeckel find in 1866?
Protista (included bacteria and other microorganisms)
Who in 1969 proposed a five-kingdom classification based on cell structure and mode of nutrition?
R.H. Whittaker
What kingdoms did R.H. Whittaker add?
Fungi- mushrooms, molds, and yeasts
Prokaryotae- bacteria
In 1970 Carl Woese discovered that prokaryotes could be divided into 2 kingdoms. What were they?
Bacteria
Archae
Many biologists have done away with Kingdom Protista and replaced it with five “supergroups” based on molecular data. what are the supergroups?
Excavates Chromalveolates Rhizarians Archaeplastids Unikonts
List Excavates:
diplomonads
parabasalids
euglenoids
trypanosomes
List Chromalveolates:
Dinoflagellates Ciliates Apicomplexans water molds diatoms brown algae golden algae
List Rhizarians:
forams
actinopods
List Archaeplastids:
Red Algae
Green Algae
List Unikonts:
amoebozoa
choanoflagellates
There are three domains. What are they?
Archae
Bacteria
Eukarya
Define clade:
group of organisms that share characters inherited from a “common ancestor”
Define PhyloCode:
organisms are grouped into clades based on evolutionary relationships
A _______ is a type of phylogenetic tree in which each branch represents a clade.
cladogram
Vertical Gene Transfer
when genes are transmitted from parent to offspring within the same species
Horizontal (lateral) gene transfer
gene swapping between organisms in one taxon and unrelated organism in another taxon
Ex. of horizontal gene transfer.
exchange of DNA among different populations or species of bacteria