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Foundations Exam 1 > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Strep pyogens causes

A

Strep throat

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2
Q

What does rapid strep test for?

A

Detects group A carbohydrate

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3
Q

Strep agalactiae

A

carried in 25% of women

can be passed vaginally to baby- neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis

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4
Q

Enterococci

A

in normal bowel flora
common infecting agent in UTI
have become highly resistant to abx

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5
Q

Strep pneumonia

A

PNA- adults
otitis media- children

has polysaccaride capsule as virulence factor

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6
Q

Strep viridans major type of infections

A

dental caries
endocarditis
abscesses

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7
Q

Main site of colonization of Staph

A

Nose

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8
Q

Is Staph aureus coagulase positive or negative?

A

Positive

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9
Q

Staph aureus

A

coag positive
produces a toxin
causes abscesses, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome

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10
Q

Staph epidermidis

A

normal body flora

causes infections for urine cats, IV lines, prosthetic joints

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11
Q

Staph saprophyticus

A

found in genital tract of women

A leading cause of UTI

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12
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

anti-phagocytic capsule

humans become exposed when contacting infected animals, soil

cutaneous, pulmonary, GI

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13
Q

Most common route of entry of bacillus anthracis

A

Skin:
exotoxin causes tissue necrosis
-painless black eschar skin lesion called malignant pustule

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14
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

food poisoning

spores on RICE

bacteria germinate in the food releasing toxin (enterotoxin)

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15
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Smoked fish or home canned veggies

neurotoxin blocks release of acetylcholine in autonomic nervous system

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16
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

spores in soil and animal feces

sustained muscle contraction

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17
Q

Clostridium perfringens

and classes of infection

A

GAS GANGRENE

Cellulitis
Myonecrosis
Diarrhea

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18
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

antibiotic associated diarrhea

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19
Q

What would you see on a colonoscopy for someone with Clostridium difficile?

A

red inflamed mucosa with white exudate (pseudomembranes)

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20
Q

Cornebacterium diptheriae

disease and process

A

diphtheria

colonizes pharynx and forms gray pseudomembrane

releases toxin into blood damaging heart and neural cells

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21
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

flagella

pregnant women- bacteria infect fetus
acquired from ingestion of contaminated food
SOFT CHEESE, DELI MEATS

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22
Q

Shape of Neisseria

A

diploCocci

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23
Q

Virulance factors of Niesseria meningitidis

A

capsule
endotoxin
pili

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24
Q

High risk groups for Neisseria meningitidis

A

6 mo- 2 year
military recruits
college freshman

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25
What does the meningitidis endotoxin cause?
blood vessel destruction (vascular necrosis) skin petechiae
26
Neisseria gonorrheae
2nd most common cause bacterial disease in US can cause PID
27
3 conditions of Moraxella catarrhalis
otitis media upper respiratory infection in pt's with COPD PNA in elderly
28
Escherichia coli can cause what when it has virulence factors?
diarrhea UTI neonatal meningitis sepsis
29
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
travelers' diarrhea rice water diarrhea
30
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
Exotoxin- Shiga-like toxin (verotoxin) - inhibits protein synthesis causing interstitial epithelial cell death bloody diarrhea and severe abdominal cramping
31
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Invades through wall of intestine causing immune-mediated inflammatory reaction and fever Blood diarrhea with WBCs
32
Most common cause of UTI
E. coli
33
Three major diseases caused by E. coli
Meningitis- neonatal Sepsis- most common cause of gram negative sepsis Pneumonia- hospital acquired
34
Klebsiella pneumoniae
2nd most common cause sepsis in hospitals RED CURRANT JELLY SPUTUM
35
Proteus mirabilis
very motile common cause of UTI & hospital acquired infection
36
Shingella
fecal-oral, contaminated food/water -preschool children, nursing homes Invade intestinal epithelium Diarrhea with bright red blood and WBCs
37
Salmonella
Diarrhea (gastroenteritis) chickens and uncooked eggs
38
Salmonella typhi
Typhoid fever a facultative intracellular parasite chronic carriers carry in gallbadder
39
Yersinia enterocolitica
acute gastroenteritis
40
Vibrio cholera
cholera rice water diarrhea death by dehydration
41
Campylobater jejuni
One of the 3 most common causes of diarrhea in the world bloody, loose diarrhea
42
Helicobacter pylori
most common cause of duodenal ulcers, leading cause of gastric ulcers
43
Haemophilus influenzae
meningitis, respiratory disease, otitis media, septic arthritis, epiglottis
44
Bordetella pertussis
whooping cough
45
Characteristics of whooping cough
Catarrhal stage- fever, runny nose, sneezing, cough Paroxysmal- bursts of non productive cough Convalescent stage- attacks less frequent, no longer contagious
46
Vaccine for Bordetella
DTaP | Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis
47
Legionella pneumophilia
Legionaires' disease contaminated aerosols inhaled -air conditioners, whirlpools, shower heads, produce misters common cause of community acquired pneumonia
48
Yersinia pestis
Bubonic plague rats harbor disease, fleas spread to humans
49
Francisella tularensis
Rabbits and from bones of ticks and deerflies -Ulceroglandular or PNA
50
Brucella
Brucellosis direct contact with infected animal meat or mild
51
Pasteurella multocida
colonizes mouths of cats closed wound provide perfect environment for the bacteria
52
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
TB obligate aerobe- needs oxygen coincide with HIV/AIDS epidemic
53
Stages of TB
First phase: inhales bacteria cause local infiltration Second: (cell-mediated immunity): eventually macrophages begin breaking up bacteria -creamy cheese is called caseous necrosis caseous necrosis often calcifies forming granuloma
54
Positive TB test is...
if induration >/= 5 mm immunosuppressed >/= 10 mm common risk >/= 15 mm everyone else
55
Mycobacterium leprae
Leprosy
56
Nontuberculosis mycobacteria
Mycobacterium avium-complex - opportunistic infection in its with AIDS and low CD4 counts - most common cause of NTM lung disease
57
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
most common cause of bacterial bronchitis and pna in teens and young adults walking pneumonia
58
What would you expect to see in an XR of a pt with mycoplasma pneumonia
streaky infiltrate
59
Ureaplasma urealyticum
normal flooring in 60% women can cause lower UTI
60
Unlike other gran - bacteria, spirochetes have...
- have an additional outer membrane containing exposed proteins (protects from immune recognition) - axial flagella that run sideways
61
Treponema pallidum
Syphilis
62
Stages of syphilis
Primary- painless chancre, highly infectious Secondary- bacteremic stage condyloma latum- painless wart lesions Tertiary slow inflammatory damage to organs
63
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme disease white footed mouse, white tailed deer erythema chronic migraines- target shape area from bite
64
Leptospira
have hooks urine of dogs, rats, livestock
65
Chlamydiae trachomatis
Primarily infects eyes and genitals MOST common STI in US PID shuffle
66
Rickettsia
Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Foundations Exam 1 (4 decks)

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