Mycology Flashcards
(26 cards)
General info for fungi
two types: yeast and molds
eukaryotic
require aerobic environment and carbon source
natural habitat is the environment
Cell wall of fungi is composed of
chitin
Cell membrane of fungi contains?
ergosterol
Characteristics of yeast
- unicellular, round or ellipse
- reproduce by budding- asexual
Characteristics of mold
multicellular colonies branching hyphae, form mat (mycelium)
produce spores
explain dimorphic fungi
they form different structure at different temperatures
can grow either as a yeast or mold
Pityriasis versicolor (tinea versicolor)
hypopigmented or hyper pigmented patches
UV exposure
Spaghetti and meatballs
KOH test
tx= topical antifungals
tinea corporis
body
red raised border of active inflammation with a healing center
tinea cruris
groin, scrotum
tinea pedis
athletes foot
tinea capitis
scalp
tinea unguium (onychomycosis)
nails
Candida albicans
mouth- oral thrush
vagina- cottage-cheese patches
groin-diaper rash
In immunocompromised pts candidiasis can cause?
How do you treat>
esophagitis
IV anti fungal therapy
Sporothrix schenckii
ROSE THORNS
interns body after trauma to skin
gardeners at risk
treatment is oral
How are systemic fungal infections caused?
inhalation of spores from dimorphic fungi
-most infections are asymptomatic
Histoplasma capsulatum
- Mississippi and Ohio rivers
- histoplasmosis
- bird and bat droppings; nitrogen rich soil
- most don’t need tx, if needed- oral antifungals
Blastomyces dermatitidis
- blastomycosis
- Mississippi and Ohio rivers, great lakes
- grows in soil and decomposing wood and leaves
Coccidioides immitis
Valley fever- endemic to AZ, NM, CA, Mexico
-become spherules containing endospores in lung
How do people with Coccidoides immitis present?
- asymptomatic
- mild URI
- PNA
nodules in CXR
Cryptococcosis
yeast
- found in soil containing pigeon droppings
- disease usually manifests in immunocompromised, AIDS patients
Aspergillosis
mold with spores
can cause infection in skin, eyes, ears, lungs
-allergic reaction in airway like asthma
-allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
-cough brownish phlegm containing hyphae
Aspergilloma- fungal ball in lung cavity
Mucormycosis
mold
- spores cause blood vessel invasion
- infarction of tissue distal to blockage
Pneumocystis jjrovecii
yeast
in normal- lives in lung w/o causing problems
in immunocompromised- causes severe PNA
