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Foundations Exam 1 > Virology- Diseases > Flashcards

Virology- Diseases Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Causes of the common cold

A

Rhinoviruses (most), Coronaviruses, Influenza virus, RSV, Parainfluenza

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2
Q

Common Cold: Transmission, Duration, signs & symptoms, Diagnostics, and Prevention/Control

A

transmission= upper resp tract via resp droplets direct or indirect

duration= incubation 1-2 days, duration= 1 week

S & S= Sneezing, cough, nasal discharge, HA, sore throat

Dx and Prevention/Control= None

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3
Q

Causes of Viral pharyngitis

A

Rhinovirus, Coronaviruses, Influenza, RSV, Parainfluenze, Adenovirus, Enterovirus, Metapneumonovirus, HSV, Ebstein-barr, Cytomegalovirus, HIV

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4
Q

Viral pharyngitis:
Signs and symptoms
Diagnostics
Prevention/control

A

S/S= sore throat, viral URI (nasal congestion, runny nose, hoarseness, sinus discomfort, ear pain, cough), headache fever, malaise

Dx= RAAT for GAS
Throat culture

Prevention/control= none

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5
Q

Causative agent of Influenza

A

Orthomyxovirus

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6
Q

What is special about the structure of Orthomyxovirus

A

Glycoproteins- Hemagglutinin, Neuraminidase

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7
Q

What is antigenic shift

A

assortment of the genome for human species with that of another species= the cause of major epidemics

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8
Q

Transmission of Influenza

Sings and Sx

A

Direct droplets though resp tract
Common in winter months

S/S= abrupt onset fever, malaise, HA, chills
6-12 hours later: resp sx (dry non productive cough)

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9
Q

Complications of Influenza

A

Pneumonia, bacteria superinfection, Reye’s syndrome

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10
Q

Diagnostics for Influenza

A

Nasopharyngeal & throat swabs to isolate in culture
Rapid-detect for viral antigen or viral genome
Serodiagnosis

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11
Q

Immune response to Influenza

A

Antihemagglutinin antibody

Antineuraminidase- limits viral spread

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12
Q

Treatment/Prevention of Influenza

A

Antivirals- neuraminidase inhibitors block function neuraminidase enzyme required for viral release, spread, and infectivity

Vaccines: Killed and live attenuated

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13
Q

Infection agent of Varicella- Chicken pox

A

VZV- varicella zoster virus

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14
Q

Transmission of Varicella

A
  • Respiratory droplets & direct contact with lesions
  • Spread via blood to skin and attacks mucosa of upper resp tract
  • sensory neurons: travels to cells of dorsal root ganglia and becomes latent
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15
Q

S/S of Varicella

A

Prodrome: fever, malaise
Papulovesicular rash in crops on trunk, then spreads to head and extremities
Pruritis

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16
Q

Complications of Varicella

A

Varicella pna, Encephalitis, Reye’s syndrome

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17
Q

Diagnostics for Varicella

Prevention/control

A

Tzanch smear, PCR, direct fluorescent antibody, viral culture, serology

Antivirals
Vaccine- live, attenuated
varicella-zoster immune globulin

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18
Q

Signs and sx of shingles

A

Painful vesicles along course of a sensory nerve of the head or trunk

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19
Q

Infectious agent of Rubella

A

Measles- Rubeola

Morbillivirus, Paramyxovirus family

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20
Q

Transmission of Measles

A

person to person via respiratory droplets

epidemic- winter and spring

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21
Q

Signs and sx of Measles

A

Incubation: 7-18 days

fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis (three C’s)

1-3 days later: Koplik spots (1-2 days)

1 day later: rash (head then trunk and extremities), lasts 3-5 days

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22
Q

Infectious agent of Roseola- Exanthem subitum

A

HSV 6 or 7

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23
Q

Roseola:
Transmission
signs/sx

A

through saliva

HIGH FEVER x 3 days then faint maculopapular RASH from trunk to extremities

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24
Q

Causative agent of mumps

A

Mumps virus- paramyxovirus family

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25
Transmission of mumps
Direct contact of fomites to respiratory tract | spreads through blood to infect salivary glands
26
Signs and sx of mumps Complications
Incubation: 18-21 days prodrome: fever, malaise, anorexia tender salivary gland swelling Orchitis in post-pubertal males, meningitis
27
Prevention/treatment of mumps
only live, attenuated vaccine No antivirals
28
Causative agent of Rubella
Rubella virus, Toga family
29
Transmission of Rubella
Upper rest tract vis respiratory droplets -spread through blood to lymphoid tissue, skin, organs Transplacental spread to fetus= congenital rubella
30
Signs and sx of Rubella
low grade fever, upper resp sx, lymphadenopathy | within 24 hours- macular rash, petechial lesions over soft palate
31
Complications of Rubella
Arthritis, thrombocytopenia purpura, encephalitis, risk of fetal damage
32
Causative agent of Fifth Disease- Erythema infectiosum
Parvovirus B 19
33
Sings and sx of Fifth disease
fever malaise, HA, myalgia Characteristic rash: confluent, indurated rash on the face the 1-2 days later macular, reticular rash of arms and legs (LACY RASH) lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, mild leukopenia, anemia
34
Complications of Fifth disease
Hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, nephritis, encephalitis, in pregnancy: profound anemia of fetus leading to stillbirth
35
Diagnostics for Fifths disease
NAAT to detect DNA
36
Causative agent of Rotovirus
Rotavirus, Reovirdae family
37
Rotovirus: Transmission Signs and sx
fecal-oral localize in duodenum and proximal jejunum abrupt onset vomiting the hours later copious amounts of watery, brown stools, low grade fever
38
Causative agent of Norwalk virus
Norovirus, Calicivirdae family
39
Transmission of Norwalk virus Signs and sx
fecal-oral consumption of contaminated food, water, uncooked shellfish abrupt onset vomiting and diarrhea
40
Causative agent of Hep A
Picornavirdae family
41
Hep A: transmission signs and symptoms
fecal-oral fever, anorexia, nausea, RUQ pain, dark urine, clay-colored stools
42
Causative agent of Hep B
Hepadnaviridae family
43
Hep B: transmission signs/symptoms Complications
vertical, parenterally, sexual contact fatigue, anorexia, RUQ pain, clay colored stools, dark urine fulminant hepatitis leading to liver necrosis and death, chronic hepatitis
44
Causative agent of Hep D
family- Deltavirus
45
Hep D: Transmission signs/symptoms
Requires Hep B surface antigen for transmission Greatest risk for injection drug users Simultaneous D & B infection Chronic HBV with superimposed hep D- jaundice relapse and high risk chronic cirrhosis
46
Causative agent of Hep C
Flaviviridae family
47
Hep C: transmission signs/symptoms complications
parenterally, may be transmitted sexually usually asymptomatic, chronic carrier state in 85% cirrhosis, increased HCC risk
48
Hep E: Transmission Signs/sx complications
Fecal-oral jaundice, anorexia, hepatomegaly, N/V when symptomatic can be fatal (esp in pregnancy)
49
Causative agent of Enterovirus
Enterovirus, Picornavirdae family
50
Specific groups of Enterovirus
Poliovirus Coxsackievirus Echovirus & Enterovirus
51
The three types of Abroviruses
Togavirus, Flavivirus, Bunyavirus
52
Arboviruses: transmission signs/sx prevention/control
infected blood-sucking insects primarily occurs in the tropics acute febrile illness, encephalitis, meningitis Immunizations for yellow fever, tick-borne, and Japanese B encephalitis
53
Causative agent of Rabies
Rhabdoviridae family
54
Rabies: transmission signs/sx
infected secretions multiplies in muscle cells then travels to CNS to replicate in brain prodrome: fever, HA, malaise, N/V, dysesthesia at inoculation site encephalitis, hallucinations, mental dysfunction interspersed with lucid periods, coma, increased salivation, hydrophobia, respiratory involvement
55
Survival rate prevention/control
4 day, 20 max pre-exposure: inactivated vaccine post-exposure: human hyperimmune antirabies globulin plus rabies vaccine
56
Causative agent of HIV
Retrovirus family, lentivirus genome
57
Enzymes in HIV essential for replication
Reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase
58
Transmission of HIV
-Bodily fluid, blood -primarily through sexual contact Perinatal transmission primarily infects and kills helper (CD4) T lymphocytes
59
What makes HIV difficult to treat?
HIV-1 has most error-prone reverse transcriptase, can have minor mutations in the virus
60
Infectious cycle of HIV
-Acute stage: 2-4 weeks after infection fever, lethargy, rash, leukopenia High viral load -Latent stage: 7-11 years asymptomatic virus being produced and sequestered in lymph nodes -Immunideficiency stage (AIDS) Decline in CD4 count increased frequency/severity of opportunistic infections

Foundations Exam 1 (4 decks)

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