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Micro BLOCK 7 > Bacteria-a Primer > Flashcards

Bacteria-a Primer Flashcards

1
Q

Major component of typical bacterial cell wall

A
  • diassacharides corss stitched by short peptides-peptidoglycan
  • capsule (polysaccharide capsule or slime layer)
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2
Q

What is different about cell wall of gram positive bacteria

A

Stains purple

Thick and contains teichoic acids

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3
Q

What is different about a gram negative cell wall

A

Stains red

Thin and surrounded by outer membrane (LPS/endotoxin)

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4
Q

Functions of capsule

A

Traps nutrients, aids in attachments, immune system avoidance, biofilm formation

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5
Q

What are the two disaccharides of cell wall

A

NAG and NAM

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6
Q

How many layers in gram positive cell wall

A

2 layers

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7
Q

How many layers do the gram negative cells have

A

Three layers

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8
Q

What are the 2 layers of gram positive cells

A

Thick peptidoglycan layer

Inner cell membrane

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9
Q

What are the layers of the gram negative cells

A
  • outer membrane with LPS
  • thin peptidoglycan layer
  • inner cell membrane
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10
Q

What color do fram positive stain

A

Purple

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11
Q

What color do gram negative cells stain

A

Pink

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12
Q

Which type of cell has endotoxins

A

Gram negative

  • LPS
  • lipid A
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13
Q

What type of cells are vulnerable to lysozyme and penicillin attack

A

Gram positive cells

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14
Q

What type of cells are resistant to lysozyme and penicillin attack

A

Gram negative cells

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15
Q

What component of the cell wall is only present in the gram positive cells

A

Teichoic acid

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16
Q

What is part of the cell wall that is only in the gram negative

A

LPS (endotoxin)

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17
Q

Though the gram positive wall is thicker, the gram negative wall has an _________

A

Outer membrane (LPS)

18
Q

What is the component of LPS that is endotoxin

A

Lipid A

19
Q

What type of bacteria normally produces endotoxin

A

Gram negative cells

20
Q

What triggers the release of endotoxins

A

Released when immune system loses GNRs

21
Q

Effects of endotoxins on the body

A

Systemic inflammation, fever, possible fatal shock

Maybe paralysis and diarrhea

22
Q

How do exotoxins get released

A

By replicating microbes

23
Q

Difference between endotoxins and exotoxins

A

Endotoxins get realized upon cell death and exotoxins get released when the microbes replicate

24
Q

What type of cell has endotoxins

A

Gram negative

25
Q

What type of cell has exotoxins

A

All cells

26
Q

What is the major class of toxins to which enterotoxins belong

A

Exotoxins

27
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms by which enterotoxins can cause diarrhea

A

-action-inhibit NaCl resporion, activate NaCl secretion, or kill intestinal epithelial cells

28
Q

What does the presence of lactose fermentation on MacConkey’s agar mean

A

Fermenters will turn purple

  • KEE
  • Klebsiella
  • E coli
  • Enterobacter
29
Q

What happens when there is a non fermenter on a MacConkey’s agar

A

Colorless

30
Q

What is the number one lactose fermenter

A

E. coli

31
Q

What does beta hemolysis mean

A

Complete RBC lysis

-clear/yellow

32
Q

What are some bacteria that have beta hemolysis

A

Strep pyrogenes/group A strep (GAS)/ strep throat

33
Q

What is the purpose of MacConkey’s Agar

A

Select for gram negative rods

34
Q

What differentiates staph from strep on a mannitol salt

A

Catalase

35
Q

How do you differentiate sta. Aureus and coag neg staph

A

Coagulase

36
Q

If catalase is negative, what kind of bacteria do we have

A

Strep

37
Q

If catalase is positive what kind of bacteria do we have

A

Staph

38
Q

Once we determine that we have staph, how do we determine if it S aureus or S epidermidis/S sprophyticus

A

Coagulate

  • neg for s. Epidermidis and S sprophyticus
  • pos for S aureus
39
Q

What is the most common cause of UTIs in women

A

S. Saprophyticus

40
Q

Staph aureus grows on mannitol salt agar and turns the agar yellow. Predict the catalase and coagulate test results

A

Catalase-POS

Coagulase-POS

41
Q

Is enterotoxin an endotoxin or exotoxin

A

Exotoxin

Micro BLOCK 7 (3 decks)

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