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Micro BLOCK 7 > Infectious Diseases And Medical Microbiology Introduction > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases And Medical Microbiology Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the number one causes of death by disease in developed nations

A

Lower respiratory infections

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2
Q

What is the number one causes of death by disease in developing nations

A

Lower respiratory infections

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3
Q

How many patient with AIDS develop CMV retinitis

A

1/4 of patients

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4
Q

What is the organism that causes trachoma?

A

Infection of chlamydia

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5
Q

Why is chlamydia virus like

A

Produces intracellular epithelial bodies

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6
Q

Why is isolation of staphylococcus epidermidis from a conj culture not a cause for concern

A

If you are going to have a contamination its going to be that one since its all over your skin

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7
Q

What kind of organisms are identified by a KOH prep

A

Fungi and fungal hyphae

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8
Q

What kind of microorganism does a calcoflour prep stain for

A

Fungi and fungal hyphae

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9
Q

What kind of microorganism does gram stain look for

A

Bacteria

Very common

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10
Q

What kind of microorganism does an acid fast look for (Ziehl-Nielsen)

A

Mycobacterium TB and others

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11
Q

What is the significance of inclusion epithelial cells in the conj

A

Presence of chlamydia

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12
Q

What kind of test do you run to see if chlamydia is present?

A

Giemsa (wright giemsa) stain

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13
Q

How do you determine of epithelial inclusion bodies are present in a wright giemsa stain

A

In an epithelial cell that has not inclusion bodies, there will just be the nucleus that shows up in the stain, but if there is an inclusion body, you will see a faint purple spot in the cell along with the nucleus

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14
Q

What does the presence of neutrophils mean

A

Bacterial infection

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15
Q

What does the presence of lymphocytes mean

A

Viral infection

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16
Q

What does the presence of eosinophils mean

A

Allergic reaction

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17
Q

Steps in gram stain

A

Heat fixation

  1. Crystal violet
  2. Iodine treatment
  3. Decolonization with alcohol
  4. Counterstain dye with safranin
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18
Q

What color do gram positive cells appear

A

Purple

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19
Q

What color do gram negative cells appear

A

Red/pink

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20
Q

What is the purpose of the crystal violet flood in gram stain

A

Staining cell wall dark purple

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21
Q

What is the purpose of the iodine flood in gram stain

A

Fixing agent to seal bacteria cell wall. Thick walls seal well, thin walls not so much

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22
Q

What is the purpose of the alcohol in gram stain

A

Decolonize

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the counterstain with safranin in gram stain

A

Coutnerstains the cell walls

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24
Q

What is the most common stain in microbiology

A

Gram stain

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25
Q

What stain is used in a Ziehl-Neelson stain

A

Carbolfuschin

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26
Q

Why is acid alcohol used as a decolorizer

A

Need very, very rough acid to damage all the non acid fast bacteria, acid fast bacteria wall withstand the acid alcohol

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27
Q

What is a positive acid fast

A

Red

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28
Q

What is predicted to grow on a blood agar

A

Most bacteria

  • shows hemolysis
  • differential
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29
Q

What class of microorganism is predicted to grow on a chocolate agar?

A

Fastidious bacteria

-haemophilus Neisseria

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30
Q

What kind microorganism is predicted to grow on a thayer-Martin agar

A

Neisseria only

31
Q

What kind of microorganism is predicted to grow on a macConkey Agar?

A

Gram negative rods

32
Q

What kind of microorganism she are predicted to grow on mannitol salt agar

A

Staphylococci

33
Q

What is the number one cause of blindness

A

Cataracts

34
Q

Presence of microbe on or in the body

A

Colonization

35
Q

Organism harmfully invades

A

Infection

36
Q

Is infection requires for bacterial related disease?

A

No, can have preformed toxins without the organism there

37
Q

Disease without colonization

A

Ingestion of pre formed toxins

38
Q

What are the main infectious microbes

A

Viruses, prions, bacteria, fungi, protists

39
Q

What are the exceptions to koch’s postulates

A

Unethical to infect humans, difficult to isolate some things (virus, prions), boy the time disease shows, organism is gone

40
Q

What do we use instead of koch’s postulate

A

Recovery of pathogen, or evidence of its presence

41
Q

What are the sterile body sites

A

Blood
CSF
Lower respiratory tract

42
Q

Non sterile body sites

A

-eye/mouth/nose/upper respiratory tract
-skin
-GI
Urethra

43
Q

Gram + organisms

A
  • lots of peptidoglycan
  • thick
  • less complex
  • no LPS
44
Q

Gram negative cells

A
  • little peptidoglycan
  • LPS
  • much more complex cell walls
  • thin
45
Q

Where does crystal violet get trapped

A

Cell wall

46
Q

What are most pathogens

A

Gram negative rods

47
Q

Gram stain of cocci

A

All cocci are gram positive except Neisseria and Moraxella

48
Q

Size of gram + rods

A

Large

49
Q

Gram negative rods

A

Small

50
Q

Thin walled helical, w/o flagella

A

Spirochetes

51
Q

Example of spirochete

A

Syphillis

52
Q

What kind of stain can a spirochete not be seen on

A

Gram stain

53
Q

Gold stand at of microbiology

A

Culture

54
Q

What kind of microorganism would you predict would grow on a sabouraud’s dextrose agar

A

Fungi

55
Q

Lowenstein Jensen’ agar

A

Acid fast

56
Q

What does lowenstein jensen agar grow?

A

Mycobacterium ssp. TB

57
Q

Why don’t clean arm with ETOH in blood culture

A

Because staph epi

58
Q

Why don’t you want wound cultures to be not exposed to air

A

Often have anaerobes that will die if exposed to air

59
Q

Trochoma causes by chlamydia

A

Infects eyelids
Scarring of cornea by infected eyelids
Curled eyelashes scrape cornea

60
Q

What is the significance of an increased C reactive protein level and sedimentation rate

A

Inflammation

61
Q

What is MIC

A
  • minimal inhibitory concentration
  • lowest drug level that inhibits bacterial replication
  • always equal to or less than MBC
62
Q

What is MBC

A
  • minimal bactericidal concentration
  • lowest drug level that kills bacteria
  • always equal to or greater than MIC
63
Q

Keratitis

A

Requires topical anesthetic

64
Q

Endophthalmitis

A

Intraocular infection

Syringe and needle to collect sample

65
Q

What is specific to E. coli

A

Gram negative rods that ferment lactose

66
Q

Probes for antigen with a single labeled antibody

A

Direct ELISA

67
Q

Probes for Ab to an antigen..labeled Ab binds to an unlabeled Ab

A

Indirect ELISA

68
Q

What is most common ELISAQ

A

Sand whihc

69
Q

What kind of tests give you a rapid turn around time

A

Molecular tests

2-3 hours instead of days

70
Q

Complete blood count

A

Increased WBC suggests infection

71
Q

General chemistry test for kidney function

A

BUN/creatinine

72
Q

General chemistry test for live function

A

ALT best test

73
Q

General chemistry test for inflammation

A

CRP/ESR

Micro BLOCK 7 (3 decks)

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