Bacteria and the bacterial dream

Question 1

Total number of known pathogens?

Answer 1

Around 2500

Question 2

What makes up most known pathogens?

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

Difference in genome between bacteria that need other organisms to survive vs bacteria that dont?

Answer 3

Bacteria that need other organisms have smaller genomes

Question 4

What are baccili?

Answer 4

Rod shaped bacteria

Question 5

What are cocci?

Answer 5

Circular shaped bacteria

Question 6

How can cocci form?

Answer 6

Alone, diplococci, in clusters

Question 7

What are spirilli?

Answer 7

Spiral shaped bacteria

Question 8

Which three characteristics of bacteria are the most important for determining cell shape?

Answer 8

Nutrients, division, predation

Question 9

Why is predation important for determining cell shape/size?

Answer 9

If bacterium has no predators it can grow to be v big bc it doesnt need to hide

Question 10

Why is nutrients important for determining cell shape/size?

Answer 10

more available nutrients = more availability for the bacteria to grow

Question 11

What is the bacterium goldilocks effect?

Answer 11

For bacteria to be predated it needs to be the correct size for the predator–> if it is out of this “goldilocks zone” it will survive

Question 12

Why does helicobacter pylori have a helical shape?

Answer 12

So it can penetrate the viscous mucus of the stomach–> can enter the stomach lining

Question 13

What does helicobacter pylori cause?

Answer 13

Stomach ulcers

Question 14

Why do we need to understand/study bacterial growth?

Answer 14

Human health, bacteria (protein production), environment (how they infect the planet)

Question 15

What is the dream of a bacterium?

Answer 15

To become two bacteria

Question 16

Step 1 of bacterial replicaiton?

Answer 16

Increase mass and volume of the cell

Question 17

What follows cell mass and vol increasing in bacterial replication?

Answer 17

Chromosomes replicates and segregates

Question 18

What follows the chromosomes replicating in bacterial replication?

Answer 18

Generate the division plane (z ring in bacteria)

Question 19

What is the z ring?

Answer 19

Kinda like typing a piece of string in the middle of the bacteria and tightening it to split the bacteria into two

Question 20

What follows generation of the z ring in bacterial replication?

Answer 20

Binary fission

Question 21

Acronym for bacterial growth conditions?

Answer 21

FAT TOM

Question 22

What does FAT TOM stand for?

Answer 22

Food, Acidity, Time, Temperature, Oxygen, Moisture

Question 23

What are the nutritional requirements for bacterial growth?

Answer 23

C, N,H, S, P, O, as well as essential AAs, vitamins and minerals

Question 24

What is heterotrophy?

Answer 24

An organism that cant make its own food, and so takes carbon sources from elsewhere

Question 25

What is autotrophy?

Answer 25

conversion of abiotic sources of energy into energy stored in organic compounds

Question 26

Examples of autotrophy?

Answer 26

Photosynthesis

Question 27

Example of using acidity to protect smthn from bacteria?

Answer 27

Putting food into vinegar

Question 28

What is an extremophile?

Answer 28

Can thrive in extreme conditions

Question 29

What is a thermophile?

Answer 29

Can survive in heat

Question 30

What is a pshycrophile?

Answer 30

Can survive in ice

Question 31

What is a halophile?

Answer 31

Can survive in high salinity

Question 32

What is an obligate aerobe?

Answer 32

Has to be provided o2 to live and grow

Question 33

What is a micro-aerophile?

Answer 33

Needs a little bit of o2 to grow

Question 34

What os a facultative anaerobe?

Answer 34

Can grow in the presence/absence of oxygen

Question 35

What is an aerotolerant anerobe?

Answer 35

Will grow with oxygen present but it isnt optimal

Question 36

What is an obligate anerobe?

Answer 36

Wont grow in the presence of oxygen

Question 37

How can bacteria grow in solutions with suboptimal water content?

Answer 37

Can change compatible solutes within the cell to counterbalance the gap in salinity

Question 38

Which solutes can e changed in bacteria to balance a gap in salinity?

Answer 38

AAs, polyols, sugars, methylamines, methylsulfonium compounds and urea

Question 39

Fastidious bacteria?

Answer 39

Bacteria that need a specific st of conditions to grow

Question 40

What is the great plate count anomaly?

Answer 40

The diff between # of cells counted and viable cells plated out on a petri dish

Question 41

How does an Ichip work?

Answer 41

Take sample of where the bacteria is growing and put it into the chip--> each hole in the chip has space for one bacterium