Bacteria, Archaea, Protists and Fungi Flashcards
(14 cards)
1
Q
Prokaryotes
A
- evolved from bacteria and archaea
- majority of all living things
- inhabit moderate to extreme environments (Yellowstone - Chernobyl - dead sea)
- present human digestive systems, cause illness, used food prep
1
Q
prokaryotic cell structure
A
- Shapes: cocci, bacilli, spirilli
- chromosome: circular, double-stranded, in nucleoid
- selectively permeable plasma membrane
- rigid cell wall
2
Q
How do prokaryotes reproduce
A
- asexually through binary fission
- chromosome is replicated and separates
- enlarged cell splits
3
Q
How do prokaryotes get nutrition
A
- Obtain nutrients from their environments
- Either photosynthetic autotrophs (sunlight) or chemosynthetic autotrophs (inorganic molecules)
4
Q
role of prokaryotes in the ecosystem
A
- C-cycle: photosynthetic bacteria, bacterial decomposers produce methane, CO2 producing bacteria
- N-Cycle: rhizobium etc
5
Q
Bacterial Diseases
A
- disease causing bacteria are pathogens
- plague of Athens (Salmonella entrica), Black Death (Yersinia pestis)
- epidemic: disease occurring in a very high number of individuals
- pandemic: widespread epidemic
6
Q
benefits of prokaryotes
A
- nutrients are produced or processed in the digestive tract by prokaryotes
- production of food like cheese and yogurt
- covert atmospheric nitrogen through fixation
- bioremediation: remove pollutants
7
Q
What are protists
A
- Eukaryotes (nucleated cells)
- often in specific commensal or parasitic relations
- mostly unicellular, some are multi (kelp)
- some are large (giant amoeba, algae)
- abundant in soil, freshwater, brackish and marine environment
8
Q
protist cell characteristics
A
- membranes, wall or glassy silica shells
- photoautotrophs with chloroplasts or heterotrophic (phagocytosis)
- hair-like cilia, pseudopodia, or flagellum to move
9
Q
how do protists reproduce
A
- binary fission that could be transverse or longitudal
- multiple fission
- sexually through meiosis and fertilization
10
Q
role of protists in the ecosystem
A
- food sources, often directly consumed
- some are pathogenic parasites
- destruction of crops
- thrive on waste, contribute to decomposition process
11
Q
characteristics of fungi
A
- heterotrophs
- colour due to cell pigments to protect from UV
- thick cell wall with chitin
- gain nutrients from decaying matter
- humid and cool environments, with varying light and oxygen
12
Q
Morphological stages of fungi
A
- vegetative: growth, thallus produces hyphae, a mass of which is mycelium
- reproductive: asexual, sexual or both through spore dispersal
12
Q
Lichens
A
- fungus in a symbiotic relationship with a photosynthetic organism/algae
- body is a thallus with hyphae around the partner
- algae makes carbs and C available
- fungus make minerals provides protection
