Bacteria Basics & IDs Flashcards Preview

Boards Antibiotics > Bacteria Basics & IDs > Flashcards

Flashcards in Bacteria Basics & IDs Deck (38)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Gram Negative Circular Cocci:

Maltose fermenter vs. Nonfermenter?

A

Maltose Fermenter: N. meningitidis

Maltose Nonfermenter: N. gonorrhoeae

2
Q

Gram Negative “Coccoid” Rods?

A
  • Haemophilus influenzae (requires factors V & X)
  • Pasteurella - animal bites
  • Brucella - brucellosis
  • Bordetella pertussis

“Italian Foods - Pasta, Bruschetta, Bordetella”
“ATE the FOOD” (H. flu)

3
Q

Gram Negative Enterics, Oxidase positive, Comma-shaped:

Grows in 42 deg C vs. Alkaline Media?

A

42 deg C = Campylobacter jejuni

Alkaline media = Vibrio cholerae

4
Q

Gram Negative Rods:

Latose fermenter - fast vs. slow?

A

Fast fermenters = Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter

Slow fermenters = Citrobacter, Serratia

5
Q

Gram Negative Rods:

Lactose Nonfermenters - Oxidase pos vs. neg?

A

Oxidase positive = Pseudomonas, H. pylori

Oxidase negative = Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus

6
Q

Gram Positive, Branching filamentous:

Anaerobe vs. Aerobes?

A

Anaerobe (not acid fast) = Actinomyces

Aerobe (acid fast) = Nocardia

7
Q

Gram Positive Rods (bacilli)?

A
  • Clostridium (anaerobe)
  • Corynobacterium
  • Listeria
  • Bacillus (aerobe)
  • Mycobacterium (acid-fast)
8
Q

Gram Positive Cocci – Catalase positive (clusters);

Coagulase pos vs. neg?

A

Coagulase positive = S. aureus

Coagulase negative =

  • S. epidermidis (Novobiocin sensitive)
  • S. saprophyticus (Novobiocin resistant)
9
Q

Gram Positive Cocci, Catalase negative (chains):

  • Optochin sensitive vs. resistant?
  • Bacitracin sensitive vs. resistant?
A

Streptococcus

Optochin - Viridans is Resistant; Pneumoniae is Sensitive
— “OVRPS” (overpass)

Bacitracin - group B strep are Resistant; group A strep are Sensitive
— “B-BRAS”

10
Q

Gram Negative Rods:

- Zoonotic organisms?

A
  • Francisella
  • Brucella
  • Pasteurella
  • Bartonella
11
Q

Gram Negatives:

- Pleomorphic organisms?

A
  • Rickettsiae (Giemsa)

- Chlamydiae (Giemsa)

12
Q

Which bacterial organism does not Gram stain b/c it has no cell wall?

A

Mycoplasma

cell membrane contains sterols

13
Q

Which bacterial organism has Mycolic Acid & a high Lipid content in their cell wall?

A

Mycobacteria

14
Q

Bugs picked up by Giemsa stain?

A

Chlamydia, Borrelia, Rickettsiae, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium

Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience

15
Q

Bugs picked up by the Ziehl-Neelson (carbol fuchsin) stain?

A

Nocardia & Mycobacterium

acid fast organisms

16
Q

Bugs picked up by the India Ink stain?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

Mucicarmine can also be used to stain thick polysaccharide capsule red

17
Q

Bugs picked up by Silver stain?

A

Legionella, Helicobacter pylori, & Fungi (e.g. Pneumocystis)

18
Q

Obligate aerobes?

A

Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus

“Nagging Pests Must Breathe”

19
Q

Obligate anaerobes?

A

Clostridium, Bacterioides, Actinomyces

“anaerobes Can’t Breathe Air”

(lack catalase &/or superoxide dismutuase, thus are susceptible to oxidative damage)

20
Q

Obligate intracellular organisms?

A

Rickettsia & Chlamydia

“stay inside b/c it’s Really Cold”
can’t make own ATP

21
Q

Facultative intracellular organisms?

A

Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia pestis

“Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY”

22
Q

Catalase-positive organisms?

A

Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, S. aureus, Serratia

“you need PLACESS for your CATs”

  • recurrently infect ppl w/ chronic granulomatous disease (NADPH oxidase deficiency) b/c they degrade the limited H2O2
23
Q

H. influenza - Culture/media reqs?

A

Chocolate agar w/ Factors V (NAD+) & X (hematin)

24
Q

N. gonorrhoeae & meningitidis - Culture/media reqs?

A

Thayer Martin (VPN) Media:

  • Vancomycin (inhibits gram +’s)
  • Polymyxin (inhibits gram -‘s except Neisseria)
  • Nystatin (inhibits fungi)

“to connect to Neisseria, use your VPN client”

25
Q

B. pertussis - Culture/media reqs?

A

Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar

26
Q

C. diphtheriae - Culture/media reqs?

A

Tellurite plate, Loffler’s media

27
Q

M. tuberculosis - Culture/media reqs?

A

Lowenstein-Jensen agar

28
Q

M. pneumoniae - Culture/media reqs?

A

Eaton’s agar

29
Q

Lactose-fermenting enterics - Culture/media reqs?

A

Pink colonies on MacConkey’s agar
(fermentation produces acid, turning colony pink)

E. coli is also grown on eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar as colonies w/ green metallic sheen

30
Q

Legionella - Culture/media reqs?

A

Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered w/ cysteine & iron

31
Q

Fungi - Culture/media reqs?

A

Sabourad’s agar

“Sab’s a FUN GUY”

32
Q

Encapsulated bacteria?

They have a positive ______ reaction.

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Neisseria meningitidis, E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Group B Strep

  • Positive Quellung Reaction (capsule swells)
  • Are opsonized, then cleared by spleen
33
Q

Asplenics have decreased opsonizing ability & are at risk for severe infections (esp. of encapsulated bugs).
What vaccines should be given?

A

S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, N. meningitidis

34
Q

Urease-positive bugs?

A

Cryptococcus, H. pylori, Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus

“CHuck norris hates PUNKSS”

35
Q

4 pigment-producing bacteria?

A

Actinomyces isralii - yellow “sulfur” granules composed of filaments of bacteria
(Israel has yellow sand)

S. aureus - yellow pigment
(aureus = Latin for gold)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - blue-green pigment
(Aerugula is green)

Serratia marcescens - red pigment
(think, red maraschino cherries)

36
Q

Name causative organism.

Single broad-based bud seen on KOH prep from a pulmonary infiltrate

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

37
Q

Gram positive organisms?

A

Cocci = Staph & Strep

Branching Filamentous = Actinomyces & Nocardia

Rods = Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Listeria, Clostridium, Mycobacterium

“Corny Actors Knock Back Listerine in the Closet” (+ Staph, Strep, & Mycobacterium)

38
Q
Gram Negative Rods:
Respiratory Organisms (aerosol transmission)?
A
  • Haemophilus (pleomorphic)
  • Legionella (silver)
  • Bordetella