Bacteria etc..

Question 1

What are the 5 kingdom organisms in Whittakters

Answer 1

Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 2

What is todays Tree of life domains names. What are they comprised of mostly

Answer 2

Eucarya
Bacteria
Archaea
All three are composed mainly of
microorganisms.

Question 3

What life forms are in Prokaryotes, which are eukaryotes?

Answer 3

Bacteria and archaea are pro, everything else is Eu

Question 4

What non living organism is in Acaryote group

Answer 4

Virus

Question 5

Describe Procaryotic cells sturcture

Answer 5

Simplest cells, no nucleus and nuclear membrane. DNA enclosed in circuilar loop (plasmid)

Question 6

Describe Eukaryotic cells sturcture

Answer 6

More complex, true nucleus, chromosomes and respiratory in their mitochondria.

Question 7

Draw a prokaryotic cell

Answer 7

See notes

Question 8

Draw a Eukaryota cell

Answer 8

See notes

Question 9

What is cytoplasm

Answer 9

Semi liquid material. Contains complex arrangement of tubules and vacuoles.

Question 10

What purpose does the cytoplasm tubules and vacuoles have

Answer 10

These structures enable the chemical reactions.

Question 11

What is the nucleus and what does it do

Answer 11

Regulates chemical changes in cytoplasim. Also controls cell division.

Question 12

Where is DNA located and what is its function

Answer 12

located in the nucleus. Controls what kind of cell is produced.

Question 13

What is the cell membraines fucntion

Answer 13

Stops the cytoplasm from flowing out. Contorls what substances and enter and leave the cell

Question 14

What are the differences between animal and plant cells

Answer 14

Plant cells have cell walls and also large liquid filled center vacuole, also have chloroplasts

Question 15

What are chloroplasts and what are their functions

Answer 15

Chloroplasts are within the cytoplasm. They are responsible for a plants green colors but also photosynthesis.

Question 16

Name 5 major groups of organisms applicable to environmental issues

Answer 16

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, microcrustrations, Fish

Question 17

What are viruses and their function

Answer 17

Subatomic particles, need a living host to reproduce, Contain either DNA or RNA in capsid

Question 18

What is the name of a bacteria infected by virus

Answer 18

Bacteriophages

Question 19

What waterborne disease are entric viruses know to cause?

Answer 19

Norwalk virus
Rotaviruses
Reoviruses
Adenoviruses

Question 20

What are some defining characteristics of bacteria.

Answer 20

Reproduce by binary fission, They come in various shapes. Rigid cell wall.

Question 21

What is Microbial growth used for

Answer 21

It recycles nutrients, making it act as decomposers

Question 22

what is a bacterial cell composed of

Answer 22

carbon, nitrogen, Phosphorus

Question 23

Draw and define parts of bacterial growth curve

Answer 23

see notes for pic
Lag: Where bacteria becomes acclimated with environment.

Exponential: Maximum bacterial growth rate

Declining Growth: Growth slows, death increases, substrate is limiting

Stationary: Growth = Death

Endogenous: Death > growth

Question 24

Which group does Crustaceans belong to

Answer 24

Arthropods

Question 25

What group is contained in the Helminths. Name 3 of this type

Answer 25

It consists of worms. Nematodes, flatworms and Annelids

Question 26

Describe characteristics or protozoa

Answer 26

Most are aerobic, non phot, reproduce binary fission

Question 27

What are Rotifers and what does their presence indicate

Answer 27

They are microscopic Eukaryotic animals. Their presence indicated efficent aerobic system.

Question 28

What are macrophytes and what is their function

Answer 28

Large aquatic plants attached to lake bottom. Provide habitat. They also cuase low O2 livels in water column

Question 29

What are fungi and their function

Answer 29

Non photo aerobic eukaryotes. Includes mushrooms and molds. They use decaying matter. Exist in low moistrure and Ph. They are facultative meaning grow aerobically or anaerobically

Question 30

What are organisms based on nutrient reqirement given functions Energy, Carbon Source, Elctron Acceptor

Answer 30

See Notes

Question 31

Name major terminal electron acceptors and their environment.

Answer 31

``` O2- aerobic NO3- Anoxic Mn(iv) - anoxic Fe(iii) Anoxic SO4- anoxic Co2 anaerobic ```

Question 32

Why is using different electron acceptor importatnt in some cases

Answer 32

When not enough O2 availiable, they would not survive in that invoronment if they didnt.

Question 33

What is Aerobic

Answer 33

Uses oxygen as oxygen

Question 34

What is Anoxic

Answer 34

Oxygen needs to be stolen from nitrates beacuse no free oxygen available.

Question 35

What is Anaerobic

Answer 35

No oxygen at all

Question 36

What is oxidation

Answer 36

Removal of an electron(s) or hydrogen atom(s) from a compound

Question 37

What is reduction

Answer 37

Gain of an electron(s) or hydrogen atom(s) from a compound.

Question 38

What is metabolism

Answer 38

All the biochemical processes in a cell.

Question 39

What is Anabolism

Answer 39

Conversion of nutrients to complex macromolecules (proteins, NA, lipids)

Question 40

What is Catabolism

Answer 40

Oxidation of organic and/or inorganic compounds, release of chemical energy (for cell movement, nutrient transport) waste excretion into surrounding environment