Transcription and Translation

Question 1

What is a protein structure made up of?

Answer 1

Made of amino acids, 20 of which are arranged in different way to make variety of proteins.

Question 2

What is a string of amino acids called?

Answer 2

Polypeptide

Question 3

Steps of replication

Answer 3

DNA double helix unwinds
DNA now single stranded
New DNA strand forms using complementary base pairing
Used to prepare DNA for cell division
Whole genome copied/replicated

Question 4

Name characteristics of DNA

Answer 4

Double stranded, deoxyribose sugar, bases are C,G,A,T

Question 5

Name characteristics of RNA

Answer 5

Single stranded, Ribose sugar, bases are CGAU

Question 6

What do both RNA and DNA contain

Answer 6

sugar, phosphate and base

Question 7

In RNA what replaces thymidine

Answer 7

uracil

Question 8

What is primary transcript

Answer 8

length of RNA from that transciption

Question 9

What is mRNA

Answer 9

messanger RNA, encodes info for synthesis of proteins. carried to ribosome from nucleus.

Question 10

what are coded regions and non coding regions called

Answer 10

Coded- exons, Non-coded- introns

Question 11

What is the start amino acid in translation process

Answer 11

Mehionine (met) coded by AUG

Question 12

What is tRNA function

Answer 12

Lines up amino acids using mRNA code

Question 13

How many groups of mRNA encode single amno acid

Answer 13

3

Question 14

What does Codon mean

Answer 14

Its coding triplet of mRNA bases

Question 15

What are the stop codons

Answer 15

TGA, TAA, TAG

Question 16

What are the Anticodons for RNA

Answer 16

UGA, UAA, UAG

Question 17

What is a reading frame

Answer 17

Sequence of nucleotides in dna that contains no stop codons, which can potentiall translate as a polypeptide

Question 18

what is a chromosome

Answer 18

single piece of coiled DNA containging many genes

Question 19

Describe Transcription

Answer 19

Genetic info in DNA is copied onto mRNA. Occurs in nucleus.

Question 20

Describe Translation

Answer 20

Info encoded in mRNA used to assemble a protein at a ribosome. occurs at ribosome

Question 21

draw tryptophan amino acid and Pyruvic acid molecule

Answer 21

see notes