Bacterial and Viral Dz of CNS

Question 1

Pachymeningitis

Answer 1

Inflamm. of the dura

Question 2

Leptomeningitis

Answer 2

Inflamm. of the pia-arachnoid

Question 3

Choroiditis

Answer 3

Inflamm. of the choroid

Question 4

Encephalitis

Answer 4

Inflamm. of the paranchyma of the brain

Question 5

Myelitis

Answer 5

Inflamm. of the SC

Question 6

Encephalomyelitis

Answer 6

Inflamm. of the brain and SC

Question 7

Polioencephalitis

Answer 7

Inflamm. of the gray matter

Question 8

Leukoencephalitis

Answer 8

Inflamm. of the white matter

Question 9

Routes of entry for bacterial Dz

Answer 9

Direct extension (penetrating wounds- skull fractures, paranasal sinuses, inner ear, improper dehorning)
Hematogenous

Question 10

Histophilosis/ Thrombotic meningoencephalitis (TME)

Answer 10

Acute zoonotic infectious dz from H. somni
Recently weaned calves and feedlot calves ↑ risk
Affinity for heart and lungs

Question 11

Gross characteristics of TME

Answer 11

Hemorrhagic infarcts
Fibrinopurulent meningitis
Generalized septicemia and thrombosis

Question 12

Listeriosis

Answer 12

Circling dz from L. monocytogenes
From consuming spoiled silage or hay

Question 13

Route of L. monocytogenes

Answer 13

Oral mucosa from wounds and invade and migrate along trigeminal n.

Question 14

Manifestations of listeriosis

Answer 14

Encephalitis (brains stem in adult ruminants)
Septicemia with visceral abscesses/ necrosis (young rums)
Abortion and prenatal infection

Question 15

Microscopic lesions for listeriosis

Answer 15

Collections of mononuclear cells +/- neutros close to BVs
Microabscesses

Question 16

Where is listeriosis most severe?

Answer 16

Medulla and pons of the brainstem

Question 17

Type D enterotoxemia

Answer 17

C. perfringes type D
Lambs, goats and calves
Epsilon toxin → endothelial damage → vasogenic edema

Question 18

Manifestations of type D enterotoxemia

Answer 18

Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia in sheep
Acute neuro signs → then found dead

Question 19

How does Type D enterotoxemia affect the kidneys?

Answer 19

Pulpy kidney dz and Overeating dz
Glycemia/ glycosuria
Watery diarrhea

Question 20

Edema dz

Answer 20

E. coli Shiga toxin 2e (verotoxin)
Stx2e targets endothelial cells → vasc. necrosis → edema

Question 21

What’s most affected by edema dz

Answer 21

Rapidly growing nursery pigs
Brain, stomach, mesocolon, larynx, SQ tissue for forehead and eyelids

Question 22

CS of edema dz

Answer 22

Peracute death with no signs
Neuro signs and visible edema

Question 23

Streptococcosis

Answer 23

Common cause of meningitis (zoonotic)
S. suis (common in URT) in post weaning piglets from stress, poor ventilation and overcrowding

Question 24

Manifestations of Streptococcosis

Answer 24

Meningitis, septicemia, polyserositis, endocarditis

Question 25

Cranial abscess syndrome

Answer 25

Secondary to antler trauma (deer) Secondary to improper dehorning (cattle) Trueperella pyogenes

Question 26

Equine Encephalomyelitis

Answer 26

3 alphaviruses: Eastern, western and Venezuelan Mosquitos biological vectors Togaviridae family

Question 27

Microscopic lesions of Equine Encephalomyelitis

Answer 27

Polioencephalomyelitis: perivasuclar cuffing- lymphos, neutros and macros Neutros in early EEE and VEE Neuronal degeneration

Question 28

West Nile virus

Answer 28

Flavivirus from mosquito Polioencephalomyelitis (lymphos) in birds, humans and horses

Question 29

K9 Distemper

Answer 29

Morbilivirus (paramyxoviridae) Demyelination of brain (cerebellum) and SC

Question 30

Rabies

Answer 30

Racoon, skunks, foxes and bats Trans: bite wounds/ saliva → mm

Question 31

Microscopic lesions of rabies

Answer 31

Nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis with ganglioneuritis and parotid adentitis Perivascular cuffing, focal gliosis and neuronal degeneration

Question 32

Most prominent feature of rabies

Answer 32

Intracytoplasmic IBs (negri bodies) found: Hippocampus (dogs and cats) Purkinje cells (ruminants) Brainstem and SC (horses) Widespread brain (wild animals)

Question 33

Pestiviruses

Answer 33

Classical swine fever (hog cholera) Bovine viral diarrhea Feline panleukopenia Border dz (Hairy shaker)

Question 34

Common features of pestiviruses

Answer 34

Cerebellar hyoplasia, microcephaly (small cerebrum), hydranencephaly, hydrocephaly and porencephaly

Question 35

Herpesviruses

Answer 35

Malignant Catarrhal Fever Bovine Meningoencephalomyelitis Pseudorabies Equine Herpesviral Myeloencephalopathy

Question 36

Malignant Catarrhal Fever

Answer 36

Highly fatal in ruminants Targets vasculature, lymphoid organs and epithelial cells Ovine herpes 2 and alcephine herpes 1

Question 37

Lesion of MCF

Answer 37

Nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis and vasculitis Perivascular cuffing (lympho) in white matter

Question 38

Bovine Meningoencephalomyelitis

Answer 38

BHV1 or 5 (more neurovirulent and necrotizing) Multifocal nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis

Question 39

Equine Herpesviral Myeloencephalopathy

Answer 39

EHV1 or sometimes 4, affinity for endothelial cells Multifocal hemorrhage, edema, vasculitis, vasocentric malacia in gray and white matter of brainstem and SC

Question 40

Pseudorabies

Answer 40

Suid HV1 Swine natural host and reservoir- inapparent dz or mild resp. dz usually Suckling/ young: fatal encephalomyelitis (Mad itch) Pregnant sows: abort, stillborn or mummified

Question 41

Pseudorabies transmission

Answer 41

Nuzzling snout Consumption/ biting meat → intense puritis, paralysis and death, encephalitis in humans