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VMCB 121 > Bacterial Fine Structures, Functions and Synthesis > Flashcards

Bacterial Fine Structures, Functions and Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

General term for any network of polysaccharide containing material extending outside of the cell.

A

Glycocalyx

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2
Q

Closely associated with cells and does not wash off easily

A

Capsule

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3
Q

Zone of more diffuse, unorganized material and is easily washed away.

A

Slime layer

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4
Q

It constitutes 50-90% of the dry weight of the wall and are thicker and stronger than those gram-negative bacteria.

A

Periplasm or Peptidoglycan

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5
Q

It consists primarily of an alcohol and phosphate.

A

Teichoic acid

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6
Q

Covalently linked to peptidogylcan

A

Wall teichoic acid

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7
Q

Covalently linked to membrane glycolipid and concentrated in mesosomes.

A

Membrane teichoic acid/Lipoteichoic acid

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8
Q

It is a bi-layered structure and external to the peptidoglycan

A

Outer membrane

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9
Q

Murein lipoproteins seemingly attach to the peptidoglycan by their protein portion and to the outer membrane by their lipid component.

A

Lipoprotein

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10
Q

A structural component that is unique to the gram negative outer membrane

A

Lipopolysaccharide

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11
Q

Composed of a overlapping lattice of 2 sugars that are cross-linked by amino acid bridges.

A

Cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis

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12
Q

NAM, AMA, or MurNAc

A

only found in the CELL WALLS of bacteria

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13
Q
  • It is a typical unit membrane, composed of phospholipids and proteins.
  • It can only be seen with electron microscope
A

Cell membrane

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14
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE

A
  1. Semipermeable membrane
  2. Housing enzymes
  3. Housing many sensory and chemotaxis proteins
  4. Generation of chemical energy
  5. Cell motility
  6. Mediation of chromosomal segregation during replication
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15
Q
  • Slender threadlike portion, long, hollow, helical filaments
  • It originates in the bacterial protoplasm and is extruded through the cell wall
A

Flagella

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16
Q

Protein subunit of the flagellum that carries H-antigen specificity.

A

Flagellin

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17
Q

Longest and most obvious portion which extend from the cell surface to the tip.

A

Filament

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18
Q

It is a short, curved segment which links the filament to its basal body and functions as universal joint between the basal body and the filament.

A

Hook

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19
Q

It is embedded in the cell wall.

A

Basal body

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20
Q

4 rings connected to a central rod.

A

L, P, S, and M

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21
Q

Single polar flagellum

A

Monotrichous

22
Q

Example of Monotrichous?

A

Cholera vibrio

23
Q

Single flagellum at both ends

A

Amphitrichous

24
Q

Example of Amphitrichous?

A

Alcaligenes faecalis

25
Q

Tuft of flagella at one or both ends?

A

Lophotrichous

26
Q

Flagella surrounding the cell

A

Peritrichous

27
Q

Example of Lophotrichous?

A

Spirilla

28
Q

Example of Peritrichous?

A

Typhoid bacili

29
Q

During flagellar synthesis, when the flagellum is cut off it will regenerate until reaches a maximum length. As this occurs the growth is from the base.

T OR F

A

FALSE
The growth is NOT from the BASE, but from the TIP

30
Q
  • Short, fine, hair like surface appendages
  • Shorter and thinner than flagella
  • They occur in non-motile, as well as in motile strains.
A

Pili or Fimbria

31
Q

Structural subunits of pili or fimbria?

A

Pilins

32
Q

Fimbriae do not function in motility but are thought to be important in attachment to surfaces or at least in cells sticking together.

T or F

A

TRUE

33
Q

Fimbriae function as organs of adhesions that allow attachment of a bacterial cell to other cells or surfaces.

A

Ordinary (common) pili

34
Q
  • Longer and fewer in number than other fimbriae
  • Genetically determined by sex factors or conjugative plasmid and appear to be involved in the transfer of DNA during conjugation.
A

Sex pili

35
Q

Viscous watery solution or soft gel cell material bounded by the cytoplasmic membrane

A

Cytoplasm

36
Q

3 areas in cytoplasm?

A
  1. Cytoplasmic area - granular
  2. Chromatinic area
  3. Fluid portion - contain inclusion and vacuoles
37
Q
  • Small, electron-dense particles in the cytoplasmic region
  • It is the location for all bacterial protein synthesis
A

Ribosomes

38
Q

Most genes encode proteins here.

A

mRNA

39
Q

Also central to translation and provide the site at which translation occurs.

A

rRNA

40
Q

It transfers the genetic information carried in the mRNA into functional proteins.

A

tRNA

41
Q
  • These are not permanent or essential structures, and may be absent under certain conditions of growth.
  • It is usually for storage and reduce osmotic pressure by tying up molecules in particulate form.
A

Intracytoplasmic inclusions

42
Q

It function as storage for reservoirs for phosphate, highly refractive, strongly basophilic bodies consisting of polymetaphosphate.

A

Metachromatic or volutin granules

43
Q

The nuclear DNA is associated with BASIC PROTEIN.

T OR F

A

False
DNA IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH BASIC PROTEIN

44
Q

Uses of spores:

A
  1. Importance in food, industrial and medical technology
  2. Sterilization control
  3. Research
45
Q

It is the spore protoplast containing the normal cell structures but is metabolically inactive.

A

Core

46
Q
  • Innermost layer surrounding the inner spore membrane
  • It contains normal peptidoglycan
A

Spore wall

47
Q

Thickest layer of the spore envelope.

A

Cortex

48
Q

Enclosed by fairly thick spore coat.

A

Spore coat

49
Q

Additional rather loose covering that have distinctive ridges and grooves.

A

Exosporium

50
Q

Newly replicated bacterial chromosome and a small portion of cytoplasm are isolated by an ingrowth of the plasma membrane called?

A

Spore septum

51
Q

Double layered membrane that surrounds the chromosome and cytoplasm.

A

Forespore

52
Q

Finally exosporium disintegrates and the endospore is freed.

A

Free endospore

VMCB 121 (6 decks)

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