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VMCB 121 > Cultivation of Bacteria > Flashcards

Cultivation of Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

All chemicals required by microorganisms are raw materials for their metabolism and reproduction are called?

A

Nutrients

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2
Q

All such events used in biosynthesis and energy production is referred as?

A

Nutrition

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3
Q

Example of Micro-nutrients?

A
  • Cobalt
  • Copper
  • Manganese
  • Molybdenum
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4
Q

Example of Macro-nutrients?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Hydrogen
  • Carbon
  • Nitrogen
  • Phosphorus
  • Sulfur
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5
Q

Producers, photosynthetic, use CO2 and H2O, sunlight as energy, make their own food

A

Autotroph

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6
Q

Require performed food, digestive and absorptive, most microbes

A

Heterotroph

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7
Q

Capture protons in order to acquire energy

A

Phototrophs

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8
Q

Organisms which obtain their energy by oxidizing electron donor

A

Chemotrophs

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9
Q

Energy source is the oxidizing energy of chemical compounds

A

Chemotrophs

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10
Q

Energy source is mainly sunlight.

A

Phototrophs

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11
Q

Organisms that can use reduced inorganic compounds as electron donors

A

Lithotrophs

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12
Q

Organisms that can use organic compounds as electron donors

A

Organotrophs

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13
Q

These bacteria gain energy from light and use reduced inorganic compounds such as H2S as a source of electron.

A

Photo-lithotrophs

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14
Q

These bacteria gain energy from light and use organic compounds such as succinate as a source of electron.

A

Photo-organotrophs

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15
Q

These bacteria gain energy from reduced inorganic compounds such as NH3 as a source of electron.

A

Chemo-lithotrophs

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16
Q

These bacteria gain energy from organic compounds such as glucose and amino acid as a source of electron.

A

Chemo-organotrophs

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17
Q

Most important factor that determines the rate of microbial growth, multiplication, survival and death of all microorganisms.

A

Temperature

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18
Q

Rate of enzyme reaction increases with higher temperature.

A

Temperature

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19
Q

The lowest temperature at which organisms grow.

A

Minimum

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20
Q

Highest growth rate

A

Optimum

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21
Q

The highest temperature at which growth occurs

A

Maximum

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22
Q
  • Able to grow at 0 degrees or lower but they grow best at higher temperatures.
  • Extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures.
A

Psychrophiles/cryophiles

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23
Q

Grows best in moderate temperatures
20-45

A

Mesophiles

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24
Q

Heat-loving microorganisms
Grows best at above 45 degrees

A

Thermophiles

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25
Q

Thrives in extremely hot environment

A

Hyperthermophiles

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26
Q
  • Refers to the negative logarithm of Hydrogen ion concentration
A

pH

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27
Q

Grow between pH 0 and 5.5

A

Acidophiles

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28
Q

Grow between pH 5.5 to 8.0

A

Neutrophiles

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29
Q

Grow between pH 8 to 14

A

Alkalophiles

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30
Q
  • Organisms that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment.
  • Standard air atmosphere
A

AEROBES

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31
Q
  • Microorganisms which may be poisoned by oxygen.
  • DO NOT USE OXYGEN
  • cannot grow in an air atmosphere
A

Anaerobes

32
Q

It can tolerate low concentrations of oxygen

A

Tolerant Anaerobes

33
Q

Killed by brief exposure of oxygen

A

Strict Anaerobes

34
Q
  • Anaerobic bacteria that do not require oxygen for growth although may use it for energy production if available.
A

Facultative Anaerobes

35
Q

Under anaerobic conditions they may obtain energy by a metabolic process called?

A

Fermentation

36
Q
  • Can use oxygen
  • Cannot withstand the level of oxygen present in the air (21%) and usually grow best at oxygen levels between 1-15%.
A

Microaerophiles

37
Q

Pressure exerted on the cells by the movement of water resting on top of them.

A

Hydrostatic pressure

38
Q

A method of multiplying microorganisms by letting them grow and reproduce in artificial culture media under controlled laboratory conditions or set-up.

A

Bacterial Cultivation

39
Q

A nutrient material prepared for the growth of microorganisms in a lab.

A

Culture medium

40
Q

When microbes are introduced into a culture medium to initiate growth.

A

Inoculum

41
Q

The microbes that grow and multiply in or on a culture medium.

A

Culture

42
Q

Main purposes of bacterial cultivation?

A
  1. To grow and isolate
  2. Infection and contaminants or colonizers
  3. Identification and characterization
43
Q

Always used to prepare culture media

A

Distilled water

44
Q

Prepared from a variety of seaweeds and is now universally used for preparing solid media.

A

Agar

45
Q

The important constituents are peptones, proteases, amino acids, a variety of inorganic salts including phosphates, potassium and magnesium, and a certain accessory growth factors such as nicotinic acid and riboflavin.

A

Peptone

46
Q

It contains a wide range of amino acids, growth factors and inorganic salts. It is used mainly as a comprehensive source of growth factors and may be substituted for meat extract in culture media.

A

Yeast extract

47
Q

It contains mainly maltose, starch, dextrins and glucose, and contains about 5% of proteins and protein breakdown products, and a wide range of mineral salts and growth factors.

A

Malt extract

48
Q

These are used for enriching culture media. Either human or animal blood can be used.

A

Blood and serum

49
Q

It contains peptone and NaCl as major ingredients

A

Liquid media

50
Q

It can be prepared by adding agar into liquid media

A

Solid Media

51
Q

It is useful for the cultivation of microaerophilic bacteria for determination of bacterial motility.

A

Semi-solid media

52
Q

It contains only basic nutrients for the growth of ordinary organisms and used as a general purpose media.

A

Simple media

53
Q
  • one common ingredient is peptone
  • contain a variety of ingredients
A

Complex Media

54
Q
  • prepared exclusively from pure chemical substances and their exact composition is known.
A

Synthetic or Chemically-defined Media

55
Q
  • Simplest and most common medium in diagnostic laboratories
A

Basal media

56
Q

-Prepared to meet nutritional requirements of bacteria by the addition of substance like blood, chocolate, or serum to a basal medium.

A

Enriched media

57
Q

Used for isolation of streptococci, pneumococci and Hemophilus

A

Blood agar

58
Q

It is used for isolation of Neisseria

A

Chocolate Agar

59
Q

For isolation of Bordetella

A

Bordet-Gengou agar

60
Q

It is used for the isolation of Corynebacterium diptheriae

A

Loeffler’s serum slope

61
Q

It is used for the cultivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium diptheriae

A

Dorset’s egg medium

62
Q
  • Prepared to meet nutritional requirements of bacteria by additional of substance like blood, chocolate, egg or serum to a basal medium.
A

Enriched media

63
Q
  • When a substance is added to a liquid medium which inhibits the growth of unwanted bacteria and favors the growth of wanted bacteria.
A

Enrichment Media

64
Q
  • When a substance is added to a solid medium which inhibits the growth of unwanted bacteria but favors the growth of wanted bacteria.
A

Selective Media

65
Q

It contain certain reagents or supplements which when incorporated into culture media may allow differentiation of various kinds of bacteria.

A

Differential Media

66
Q

This media contain an indicator which changes color.

A

Indicator media

67
Q
  • A holding medium designed to preserve the viability of microorganisms in the specimen but not allow multiplication.
A

Transport Media

68
Q

These media are used to grow anaerobic organisms and contain reducing substances.

A

Anaerobic Media

69
Q

This method is routinely employed for the isolation of bacteria in pure culture from clinical specimens.

A

Quadrant Streak Plate Method

70
Q

Prepared by flooding the surface of the plate with a liquid culture or suspension of the bacterium, pipetting off the excess inoculum and incubating the plate.

A

Lawn Culture Method

71
Q

Made in tubes containing agar slope or slant. Slopes are seeded by lightly smearing the surface of agar with loop in a zigzag pattern taking care not to cut the agar.

A

Stroke culture method

72
Q

Glucose agar is punctured with a long, straight, charged wire into the center of the medium and withdrawing it in the same line to avoid splitting the medium.

A

Stab Culture Method

73
Q

For cultivation of aerobes the incubation is done in an incubator under normal atmospheric condition.

A

Aerobic condition

74
Q

It requires incubation without oxygen and differ in their requirement and sensitivity to oxygen.

A

Anaerobic Culture

75
Q

Anaerobiosis can be achieved by:

A
  1. Production of vacuum
  2. Displacement of oxygen by other gases
  3. By absorption of oxygen by chemical or biological methods
  4. By displacement and combustion of oxygen
  5. By reducing agents
  6. Other anaerobic culture systems
76
Q
A

VMCB 121 (6 decks)

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