Cultivation of Bacteria

Question 1

All chemicals required by microorganisms are raw materials for their metabolism and reproduction are called?

Answer 1

Nutrients

Question 2

All such events used in biosynthesis and energy production is referred as?

Answer 2

Nutrition

Question 3

Example of Micro-nutrients?

Answer 3

• Cobalt
• Copper
• Manganese
• Molybdenum

Question 4

Example of Macro-nutrients?

Answer 4

• Oxygen
• Hydrogen
• Carbon
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorus
• Sulfur

Question 5

Producers, photosynthetic, use CO2 and H2O, sunlight as energy, make their own food

Answer 5

Autotroph

Question 6

Require performed food, digestive and absorptive, most microbes

Answer 6

Heterotroph

Question 7

Capture protons in order to acquire energy

Answer 7

Phototrophs

Question 8

Organisms which obtain their energy by oxidizing electron donor

Answer 8

Chemotrophs

Question 9

Energy source is the oxidizing energy of chemical compounds

Answer 9

Chemotrophs

Question 10

Energy source is mainly sunlight.

Answer 10

Phototrophs

Question 11

Organisms that can use reduced inorganic compounds as electron donors

Answer 11

Lithotrophs

Question 12

Organisms that can use organic compounds as electron donors

Answer 12

Organotrophs

Question 13

These bacteria gain energy from light and use reduced inorganic compounds such as H2S as a source of electron.

Answer 13

Photo-lithotrophs

Question 14

These bacteria gain energy from light and use organic compounds such as succinate as a source of electron.

Answer 14

Photo-organotrophs

Question 15

These bacteria gain energy from reduced inorganic compounds such as NH3 as a source of electron.

Answer 15

Chemo-lithotrophs

Question 16

These bacteria gain energy from organic compounds such as glucose and amino acid as a source of electron.

Answer 16

Chemo-organotrophs

Question 17

Most important factor that determines the rate of microbial growth, multiplication, survival and death of all microorganisms.

Answer 17

Temperature

Question 18

Rate of enzyme reaction increases with higher temperature.

Answer 18

Temperature

Question 19

The lowest temperature at which organisms grow.

Answer 19

Minimum

Question 20

Highest growth rate

Answer 20

Optimum

Question 21

The highest temperature at which growth occurs

Answer 21

Maximum

Question 22

• Able to grow at 0 degrees or lower but they grow best at higher temperatures.
• Extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures.

Answer 22

Psychrophiles/cryophiles

Question 23

Grows best in moderate temperatures
20-45

Answer 23

Mesophiles

Question 24

Heat-loving microorganisms
Grows best at above 45 degrees

Answer 24

Thermophiles

Question 25

Thrives in extremely hot environment

Answer 25

Hyperthermophiles

Question 26

- Refers to the negative logarithm of Hydrogen ion concentration

Answer 26

pH

Question 27

Grow between pH 0 and 5.5

Answer 27

Acidophiles

Question 28

Grow between pH 5.5 to 8.0

Answer 28

Neutrophiles

Question 29

Grow between pH 8 to 14

Answer 29

Alkalophiles

Question 30

- Organisms that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment. - Standard air atmosphere

Answer 30

AEROBES

Question 31

- Microorganisms which may be poisoned by oxygen. - DO NOT USE OXYGEN - cannot grow in an air atmosphere

Answer 31

Anaerobes

Question 32

It can tolerate low concentrations of oxygen

Answer 32

Tolerant Anaerobes

Question 33

Killed by brief exposure of oxygen

Answer 33

Strict Anaerobes

Question 34

- Anaerobic bacteria that do not require oxygen for growth although may use it for energy production if available.

Answer 34

Facultative Anaerobes

Question 35

Under anaerobic conditions they may obtain energy by a metabolic process called?

Answer 35

Fermentation

Question 36

- Can use oxygen - Cannot withstand the level of oxygen present in the air (21%) and usually grow best at oxygen levels between 1-15%.

Answer 36

Microaerophiles

Question 37

Pressure exerted on the cells by the movement of water resting on top of them.

Answer 37

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 38

A method of multiplying microorganisms by letting them grow and reproduce in artificial culture media under controlled laboratory conditions or set-up.

Answer 38

Bacterial Cultivation

Question 39

A nutrient material prepared for the growth of microorganisms in a lab.

Answer 39

Culture medium

Question 40

When microbes are introduced into a culture medium to initiate growth.

Answer 40

Inoculum

Question 41

The microbes that grow and multiply in or on a culture medium.

Answer 41

Culture

Question 42

Main purposes of bacterial cultivation?

Answer 42

1. To grow and isolate 2. Infection and contaminants or colonizers 3. Identification and characterization

Question 43

Always used to prepare culture media

Answer 43

Distilled water

Question 44

Prepared from a variety of seaweeds and is now universally used for preparing solid media.

Answer 44

Agar

Question 45

The important constituents are peptones, proteases, amino acids, a variety of inorganic salts including phosphates, potassium and magnesium, and a certain accessory growth factors such as nicotinic acid and riboflavin.

Answer 45

Peptone

Question 46

It contains a wide range of amino acids, growth factors and inorganic salts. It is used mainly as a comprehensive source of growth factors and may be substituted for meat extract in culture media.

Answer 46

Yeast extract

Question 47

It contains mainly maltose, starch, dextrins and glucose, and contains about 5% of proteins and protein breakdown products, and a wide range of mineral salts and growth factors.

Answer 47

Malt extract

Question 48

These are used for enriching culture media. Either human or animal blood can be used.

Answer 48

Blood and serum

Question 49

It contains peptone and NaCl as major ingredients

Answer 49

Liquid media

Question 50

It can be prepared by adding agar into liquid media

Answer 50

Solid Media

Question 51

It is useful for the cultivation of microaerophilic bacteria for determination of bacterial motility.

Answer 51

Semi-solid media

Question 52

It contains only basic nutrients for the growth of ordinary organisms and used as a general purpose media.

Answer 52

Simple media

Question 53

- one common ingredient is peptone - contain a variety of ingredients

Answer 53

Complex Media

Question 54

- prepared exclusively from pure chemical substances and their exact composition is known.

Answer 54

Synthetic or Chemically-defined Media

Question 55

- Simplest and most common medium in diagnostic laboratories

Answer 55

Basal media

Question 56

-Prepared to meet nutritional requirements of bacteria by the addition of substance like blood, chocolate, or serum to a basal medium.

Answer 56

Enriched media

Question 57

Used for isolation of streptococci, pneumococci and Hemophilus

Answer 57

Blood agar

Question 58

It is used for isolation of Neisseria

Answer 58

Chocolate Agar

Question 59

For isolation of Bordetella

Answer 59

Bordet-Gengou agar

Question 60

It is used for the isolation of Corynebacterium diptheriae

Answer 60

Loeffler's serum slope

Question 61

It is used for the cultivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium diptheriae

Answer 61

Dorset's egg medium

Question 62

- Prepared to meet nutritional requirements of bacteria by additional of substance like blood, chocolate, egg or serum to a basal medium.

Answer 62

Enriched media

Question 63

- When a substance is added to a liquid medium which inhibits the growth of unwanted bacteria and favors the growth of wanted bacteria.

Answer 63

Enrichment Media

Question 64

- When a substance is added to a solid medium which inhibits the growth of unwanted bacteria but favors the growth of wanted bacteria.

Answer 64

Selective Media

Question 65

It contain certain reagents or supplements which when incorporated into culture media may allow differentiation of various kinds of bacteria.

Answer 65

Differential Media

Question 66

This media contain an indicator which changes color.

Answer 66

Indicator media

Question 67

- A holding medium designed to preserve the viability of microorganisms in the specimen but not allow multiplication.

Answer 67

Transport Media

Question 68

These media are used to grow anaerobic organisms and contain reducing substances.

Answer 68

Anaerobic Media

Question 69

This method is routinely employed for the isolation of bacteria in pure culture from clinical specimens.

Answer 69

Quadrant Streak Plate Method

Question 70

Prepared by flooding the surface of the plate with a liquid culture or suspension of the bacterium, pipetting off the excess inoculum and incubating the plate.

Answer 70

Lawn Culture Method

Question 71

Made in tubes containing agar slope or slant. Slopes are seeded by lightly smearing the surface of agar with loop in a zigzag pattern taking care not to cut the agar.

Answer 71

Stroke culture method

Question 72

Glucose agar is punctured with a long, straight, charged wire into the center of the medium and withdrawing it in the same line to avoid splitting the medium.

Answer 72

Stab Culture Method

Question 73

For cultivation of aerobes the incubation is done in an incubator under normal atmospheric condition.

Answer 73

Aerobic condition

Question 74

It requires incubation without oxygen and differ in their requirement and sensitivity to oxygen.

Answer 74

Anaerobic Culture

Question 75

Anaerobiosis can be achieved by:

Answer 75

1. Production of vacuum 2. Displacement of oxygen by other gases 3. By absorption of oxygen by chemical or biological methods 4. By displacement and combustion of oxygen 5. By reducing agents 6. Other anaerobic culture systems