Bacterial Morphology And Structure Flashcards by joseph dizon

Living organism prokaryotes

Bacteria

Archaea

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Living organism eukaryotes

Algae
Protozoa ( unicellular )
Helminths
Fungi

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Shape of coc us

Round

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Variation of shape of coccus

Coffee bean
Lancet
Diplococci

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Shape of baccilus

Rod shape

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Variations of bacillus

Club shape
Comma
Filamentous
Coccobacilli

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Shape of spiral

Coiled

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Bacteria among the smallest

Rickettsia,

Mycoplasma

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Bacteria among the biggest

Bacillus megatorium
Bacillus anthracis
Cyanobacteria

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tight or loose attachment

Capsule or slime layer

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Encapsulated

Size may be 2-3 times the bacteria

Pneumococci,
Meningococci,
B.anthracis,
C.perfringens

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Capsule or slime layer

Hiss stain (clear space),
Quellung reaction         
Antiphagocytic, 
antigenic,
virulence

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Complex polysaccharides

Streptococcus,
Enterobacter        
Hyaluronic acid-group A 
Streptococcus        
Not essential to life of bacteria

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Gives form and rigidity,support to bacteria, vs.osmotic pressure
Absent in mycoplasma

Cell wall-murein sacculus

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Cell wall-murein sacculus

principal structural sugar backbone

Peptidoglycan

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Cell wall-murein sacculus essential for

Cell wall growth,
sporulation,
cell septation and
competency for transformation

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Cell wall-murein sacculus multilayered in

Gram positive

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Cell wall-murein sacculus mono layered in

Gram negative

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Cell wall of gram positive

Multilayer peptidoglycans
With teichoic acid
No LPS
No lipoprotein and phospholipid

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Cell wall of gram negative

Mono layer peptidoglycans
No teichoic acid
With LPS
With lopoprotein and phospholipid

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Cell Wall Defective Form

I phase variants

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Bacteria w/o cell wall

Protoplast

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Bacteria with with outer membrane

Spheroplast

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Plasma cell or cytoplasmic membrane

between interior and exterior of cell

Selectively permeable
Contain Electron Transport System
Made up of lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide

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Bacterial nucleus(nucleiod)-

not a true nucleus. without nuclear membrane and nucleolus. prokaryotic cell appear as concentrated DNA in cytoplasm bearer of hereditary characteristics

Bacterial cytoplasm

Ribosomes-globular structures, composed of RNA molecules, involve in protein synthesis

Storage granules or inclusion bodies-

temporarily holds excess metabolites

-made up of volutin. LAMB stain

metachromatic granules-C.diptheriae

Much granules

- M.tuberculosis | - gram+ granules

organ of locomotion originate from cytoplasmic membrane slender whip like structure, made up of protein flagellin

Flagella

(single polar

Monotrichous

(bundle at one end

lophotrichous

(both ends

Amphitrichous

(all around

peritrichous

(without flagella

Atrichous

-Proteus seen in bacilli

Swarming phenomenon

-used for serologic classification not vital to survival of bacteria, not required for virulence or viability

Antigenic(flagellar H antigen)

Part of flagella that extend into the exterior environment

Filament

Part of flagella that composed of identical sub unit of a protein

Flagellin

)-threadlike structures

Pili(fimbriae

-thousands of pili around bacteria

Common pili

-one or two glycoprotein in a bacterium

Sex pili

Function of pili

adhesion, sexual, virulence pili found only in gram negative

found in gram negative bacteria, additional membrane above peptidoglycan layer

Outer membrane

Outer membrane composed of

lipid bilayer, proteins(porins), LPS-lipid A, a polysaccharide rich core and a polysaccharide side chain

Outer membrane polysaccharide designated as

O antigen

Outer membrane lipid portion responsible for biologic effects of

endotoxin

-resistant structures which enable bacteria to withstand adverse environmental conditions(viability) found only in few bacteria

Spores(endospores)

_________ bacteria have more complex envelope than _________

Gram negative | Gram positive

Teichoic acid only in

gram + bacteria

Pili seen only in

gram negative bacteria

Spores seen only in certain

gram + bacteria

Kinds of Stains

1. Simple or Direct Stain | 2. Differential Stain

Color of gram positive

Violet

Color of gram negative

Pink

All bacilli are gram negative except

Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Clostridium

All cocci are gram positive except

Neisseria, Veilonella, Branhamella Spiral,

All bacteria are non acid fast except

Mycobacterium and | Nocardia(partially acid fast

-Ziehl Neelsen, Kinyoun stain bacteria stains red vs. blue background, resist decolorizer differentiate acid fast from non acid fast, mycolic acid

Acid Fast stain

-background will appear dark ex. India ink-capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans

Indirect Stain

Special or Selective stain-

``` Dyer-(cell wall) Fisher and Conn(flagella), Dorner (spore), L.A.M.B.stain(metachromatic granules), Hiss (capsule ```

Non living infectious agents

Viruses Viroids Prions

Bacterial Morphology And Structure Flashcards

(62 cards)