etiologies of atypical bacterial pneumonia (3)
C. pneumoniae
M. pneumoniae
Legionella pnemo
etiologies of typical pneumonias (4)
S. pneumo
H. influenzae
Klebsiella pneumo
S. aureus
Pneumococcus characteristics (4)
a-hemolytic colonies (greenish)
optochin sensitivity
nonstaining capsules
encapsulated strains are virulent
pneumococcus binding (2)
pili: stick to target cells
surface proteins: choline binding proteins, interact w/ carbohydrates
pneumococcus virulence factors (5)
IgA protease hydrogen peroxide PPG-teichoic acid pneumolysin autolysin
pathognomic for pneumococcus
rust colored sputum
diagnostic tests for pneumococcus (4)
Bile solubility test
Quellung
Agglutination test
genetic probe
pathologic finding of klebsiella
necrotic destruction of alveolar spaces
klebsiella pathognomic
currant jelly sputum
klebsiella CXR finding
cavitation
klebsiella virulence factor & function
polysaccharide capsule- antiphagocytic
where does klebsiella usually occur?
upper lobes
Mycoplasma pneumoniae characteristics (3)
lack cell walls
pleomorphic in shape
fried egg appearance in culture
mycoplasma pneumoniae disease presentation
nonproductive cough 1-2 mo., fever, crackles, headache, chest pain
mycoplasma pneumoniae pathology process
blocks mucociliary elevator
adheres to epitheliam –> releases H2O2, damaging it –> colonization of the airways
mycoplasma pneumoniae reservoir & transmission
humans
person-to-person via respiratory droplets
mycoplasma diagnostics (3)
patchy infiltrates on CXR
sputum culture
cold agglutination assay: detects IgM
Legionella virulence factors
B-lactamase producer
Legionella diagnostics
BCYE medium
rapid antigen in urine
Legionella morphology (3)
pleomorphic G-
fimbrae
single polar flagellum
Haemophilus influenzae virulence factors (5)
lipooligosaccharide polyribosylribitol phosphate neuraminidase IgA protease fimbriae
which strain of H. influenzae is virulent: capsule or non?
both
function of polyribosylribitol phosphate
renders resistant to phagocytosis by PMNs
result of secretion of LOS by hemophilus influenzae?
loss of cilia, inflammation, & sloughing of damaged epithelial cells
diagnostics for H. influenzae (5)
gram stain serological testing for capsule catalase + oxidase + latex agglutination test
H. influenzae colonies
pale grey or transparent colonies
blood agar- satellite growth
P. aeruginosa virulence factors (6)
pyocyanin Exotoxin A Elastases Pili, Alginate LPS
function of pyocyanin in P. aeruginosa
ROS production
exotoxin A function in P. aeruginosa (3)
inhibition of protein synthesis
causes ciliastasis & immunosuppression
Alginate function in P. aeruginosa (3)
adherence
inhibits mucociliary elevator
antiphagocytic glycocalyx
results of LPS secretion in P. aeruginosa (4)
pyogenicity
shock
DIC
tissue necrosis
diagnosis of P. aeruginosa (5)
Blood MAC agar water-soluble green-blue pigment fruity smell need sensitivities for tx
