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Flashcards in ear, resp infections Deck (43)
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0
Q

S. aureus virulence factors in Otitis Externa (3)

A

encapsulated
coagulase +
B-hemolytic

1
Q

psuedomonas virulence factors in Otitis Externa (3)

A

encapsulated
Pyocyanin: blue, generates ROS
Pyoverdin: fluorescent green, sequesters iron

2
Q

S. pneumo characteristics (3)

AOM & Sinusitis

A

encapsulated
a-hemolytic
optochin sensitive

3
Q

M. catarrhalis characteristics (2)

A

oxidase positive

B-lactamase

4
Q

diptheria physical signs (2)

A

formation of psuedomembrane

bull neck

5
Q

Corynebacterium characteristics (3)

A

palisades/Chinese letters/V formation shape
metachromatic (volutin) granules
grows on blood agar

6
Q

what stimulates the diptheria toxin?

A

low [iron]

7
Q

diptheria toxin process (5 steps)

A

binds to heparin binding EGF receptor –> endocytosis –> vesicle acidifies –> A subunit moves into cytosol –> A subunit inactivates EF-2

8
Q

diptheria toxin inactivates?

A

EF-2

9
Q

agar for Corynebacterium isolation

A

Loeffler’s: enhances formation of volutin granules

Cysteine-tellurite agar: distinctive black to tellurite reduction

10
Q

methods of testing for diptheria toxin production (4)

A

Elek test
PCR
ELISA
Immunochromatographic strip assay

11
Q

function of adhesins in pertussis

A

mediate attachment to integrins & colonization of ciliated respiratory epithelium

12
Q

4 exotoxins of pertussis

A

pertussis toxin
adenylate cyclase toxin
dermonecrotic toxin
tracheal cytotoxin

13
Q

pertussis toxin MOA

A

lympocytosis

14
Q

adenylate cycle MOA

A

decreased chemotaxis

15
Q

dermonecrotic toxin MOA

A

vasoconstriction –> ischemic necrosis

16
Q

tracheal cytotoxin MOA (2)

A

kills ciliated respiratory epithelial cells

stimulates IL-1 release

17
Q

3 stages of pertussis

A

catarrhal stage
paroxysmal stage
convalescent stage

18
Q

diagnosis of pertussis (4)

A

ELISA
Bordet-Gengou agar
Regan-Lowe agar
PCR

19
Q

PIV 3 characteristics on virus?

A

Hemagglutinin
Neuramindase
Novel Fusion (F) protein- causes synctica formation

20
Q

PIV diagnosis (2)

A

direct viral isolation from throat swabs

direct FAB test identifies agent of croup

21
Q

cause of symptoms in RSV?

A

inflammatory response

22
Q

diagnosis of RSV? (2)

A

rapid antigen tests

immunofluorescence assay

23
Q

most common etiology of lower resp. infection in kids <4 y/o?

A

RSV

24
Q

SARs characteristics (3)

A

novel Coronavirus
emerged in China
resp. & fecal-oral spread

25
Q

MERs characteristic

A

novel Coronavirus

26
Q

where does acute respiratory disease mostly effect?

A

upper resp. tract mucosa- cells lining nasal passage & pharynx

27
Q

type of viruses that cause acute resp. disease

A

adenoviruses & unknown viruses (majority)
rhinoviruses
coronaviruses (least)

28
Q

major vector of rhinoviruses?

A

hands

29
Q

cure for the common cold (2)

A

hand-washing stops transmission

Picovir

30
Q

H hemagglutinin fxn in flu

A

viral attachment

31
Q

N neuramindase fxn in flu

A

viral penetration & release

32
Q

flu complications (3)

A

secondary bacterial pneumonia
Reyes Syndrome
Guillain-Barre Syndrome

33
Q

causes of secondary bacterial pneumonia after flu (3)

A

S pneumo
S aureus
Hib

34
Q

neuraminadase inhibitors (2)

A

Oseltamivir & Zanamivir

35
Q

Amantadine & Rimantadine do what

A

stops viral uncoating

36
Q

oseltamivir & zanamivir do what?

A

stop spreading/release of virus

37
Q

point mutations of H or N proteins

A

Antigenic drift

38
Q

Recombination involving entire genome segments encoding the H or N gene

A

Antigenic shift

39
Q

2 forms of chlamydiae in life cycle

A

elementary body

reticulate body

40
Q

chlamydia elementary body

A

infectious, nongrowing form

41
Q

chlamydia reticulate body

A

growing form

42
Q

which chlamydia causes infant pneumonia

A

C. trachomitis