ear, resp infections

Question 0

S. aureus virulence factors in Otitis Externa (3)

Answer 0

encapsulated
coagulase +
B-hemolytic

Question 1

psuedomonas virulence factors in Otitis Externa (3)

Answer 1

encapsulated
Pyocyanin: blue, generates ROS
Pyoverdin: fluorescent green, sequesters iron

Question 2

S. pneumo characteristics (3)

AOM & Sinusitis

Answer 2

encapsulated
a-hemolytic
optochin sensitive

Question 3

M. catarrhalis characteristics (2)

Answer 3

oxidase positive

B-lactamase

Question 4

diptheria physical signs (2)

Answer 4

formation of psuedomembrane

bull neck

Question 5

Corynebacterium characteristics (3)

Answer 5

palisades/Chinese letters/V formation shape
metachromatic (volutin) granules
grows on blood agar

Question 6

what stimulates the diptheria toxin?

Answer 6

low [iron]

Question 7

diptheria toxin process (5 steps)

Answer 7

binds to heparin binding EGF receptor –> endocytosis –> vesicle acidifies –> A subunit moves into cytosol –> A subunit inactivates EF-2

Question 8

diptheria toxin inactivates?

Answer 8

EF-2

Question 9

agar for Corynebacterium isolation

Answer 9

Loeffler’s: enhances formation of volutin granules

Cysteine-tellurite agar: distinctive black to tellurite reduction

Question 10

methods of testing for diptheria toxin production (4)

Answer 10

Elek test
PCR
ELISA
Immunochromatographic strip assay

Question 11

function of adhesins in pertussis

Answer 11

mediate attachment to integrins & colonization of ciliated respiratory epithelium

Question 12

4 exotoxins of pertussis

Answer 12

pertussis toxin
adenylate cyclase toxin
dermonecrotic toxin
tracheal cytotoxin

Question 13

pertussis toxin MOA

Answer 13

lympocytosis

Question 14

adenylate cycle MOA

Answer 14

decreased chemotaxis

Question 15

dermonecrotic toxin MOA

Answer 15

vasoconstriction –> ischemic necrosis

Question 16

tracheal cytotoxin MOA (2)

Answer 16

kills ciliated respiratory epithelial cells

stimulates IL-1 release

Question 17

3 stages of pertussis

Answer 17

catarrhal stage
paroxysmal stage
convalescent stage

Question 18

diagnosis of pertussis (4)

Answer 18

ELISA
Bordet-Gengou agar
Regan-Lowe agar
PCR

Question 19

PIV 3 characteristics on virus?

Answer 19

Hemagglutinin
Neuramindase
Novel Fusion (F) protein- causes synctica formation

Question 20

PIV diagnosis (2)

Answer 20

direct viral isolation from throat swabs

direct FAB test identifies agent of croup

Question 21

cause of symptoms in RSV?

Answer 21

inflammatory response

Question 22

diagnosis of RSV? (2)

Answer 22

rapid antigen tests

immunofluorescence assay

Question 23

most common etiology of lower resp. infection in kids <4 y/o?

Answer 23

RSV

Question 24

SARs characteristics (3)

Answer 24

novel Coronavirus emerged in China resp. & fecal-oral spread

Question 25

MERs characteristic

Answer 25

novel Coronavirus

Question 26

where does acute respiratory disease mostly effect?

Answer 26

upper resp. tract mucosa- cells lining nasal passage & pharynx

Question 27

type of viruses that cause acute resp. disease

Answer 27

adenoviruses & unknown viruses (majority) rhinoviruses coronaviruses (least)

Question 28

major vector of rhinoviruses?

Answer 28

hands

Question 29

cure for the common cold (2)

Answer 29

hand-washing stops transmission | Picovir

Question 30

H hemagglutinin fxn in flu

Answer 30

viral attachment

Question 31

N neuramindase fxn in flu

Answer 31

viral penetration & release

Question 32

flu complications (3)

Answer 32

secondary bacterial pneumonia Reyes Syndrome Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Question 33

causes of secondary bacterial pneumonia after flu (3)

Answer 33

S pneumo S aureus Hib

Question 34

neuraminadase inhibitors (2)

Answer 34

Oseltamivir & Zanamivir

Question 35

Amantadine & Rimantadine do what

Answer 35

stops viral uncoating

Question 36

oseltamivir & zanamivir do what?

Answer 36

stop spreading/release of virus

Question 37

point mutations of H or N proteins

Answer 37

Antigenic drift

Question 38

Recombination involving entire genome segments encoding the H or N gene

Answer 38

Antigenic shift

Question 39

2 forms of chlamydiae in life cycle

Answer 39

elementary body | reticulate body

Question 40

chlamydia elementary body

Answer 40

infectious, nongrowing form

Question 41

chlamydia reticulate body

Answer 41

growing form

Question 42

which chlamydia causes infant pneumonia

Answer 42

C. trachomitis